Thursday, September 5, 2024

Rau’s IAS Prelims Compass Environment and Biodiversity 2022 PDF

0

Rau’s IAS Prelims Compass Environment and Biodiversity 2022 PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You Rau’s IAS Prelims Compass Environment and Biodiversity 2022 PDF

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

Rau’s IAS Prelims Compass Environment and Biodiversity 2022 PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other IGNOU Books

Click Here

Get Other Monthly Raus IAS

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

Rau’s IAS Prelims Compass Indian Economy 2022 PDF

0

Rau’s IAS Prelims Compass Indian Economy 2022 PDF 

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You Rau’s IAS Prelims Compass Indian Economy 2022 PDF

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

Rau’s IAS Prelims Compass Indian Economy 2022 PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other IGNOU Books

Click Here

Get Other Monthly Raus IAS

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 09 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 09 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 09 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 09 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Themetic Test 02 With Solution PDF

0

Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Themetic Test 02 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Test 02 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Themetic Test 02 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Themetic Test 01 With Solution PDF

0

Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Themetic Test 01 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Test 07 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Themetic Test 01 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

Optional-Syllabus-History

0

GS MICRO TOPICS

Share on facebook
Facebook
Share on twitter
Twitter
Share on linkedin
LinkedIn
Share on whatsapp
WhatsApp

::History::

Ancient History

PRE HISTORIC TIMES

  1. Periodization of Indian Pre History
  2. Sources of Pre History
  3. Palaeolithic Or Old Stone
  4. Mesolithic Or Middle Stone Age
  5. Neolithic Age Or New Stone Age
  6. Chalcolithic Age
  7. Major Chalcolithic Cultures
  8. Early Iron Age
  9. Geographical Distribution and Characteristics

JAINISM

  1. Birth and Life of Mahavira (540- 468 B.C.)
  2. Teachings of Mahavira
  3. Organisation and Sects of Jainism
  4. Literature of Jainism
  5. Councils, Spread and Royal Patrons

POST-MAURYAN INDIA

  1. Society: Evolution of Jatis
  2. Satavahanas
  3. Sungas and Kanvas
  4. Sakas
  5. Kushanas
  6. Kanishka

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

  1. IVC Geography and Archaeological Findings
    1. Major cities
    2. Town Planning
  2. IVC Society and Culture
    1. Script and Language
    2. Crafts
    3. Religions
    4. Seals and Images
  3. IVC Economy
    1. Harappan Trade
    2. Agriculture
    3. Domestication of animals
    4. Weights and Measures
  4. Decline of Harappan Culture

BUDDHISM

  1. Birth and Life of Buddha (563-483 BC)
  2. Teachings of Buddha
  3. Organisation and Sects of Buddhism
  4. Literature of Buddhism
  5. Councils, Spread of and Royal Patronage
  6. Causes for the Decline

GUPTA PERIOD

  1. Sources of Gupta Rule
  2. Rulers and Political history of Guptas Chronology
  3. Foreign Travellers Visit – Fahien’s Visit
  4. Gupta Administration
  5. Other Important Dynasties
  6. Society Religion and Culture
  7. Urban centres in Gupta period
  8. Economy
  9. Science and Technology
  10. Literature
  11. Later Guptas
  12. Other Important Dynasties

MAHAJANAPADAS PERIOD

  1. Republics and Monarchies
  2. 16 Mahajanapadas
  3. Magadha
  4. Key Dynasties
    1. Haryanka dynasty
    2. Shishunaga Dynasty
    3. Nanda Dynasty
  5. Persian Invasions
  6. Alexander’s Invasion
  7. Society and Rise of urban centres
  8. Economy
  9. System of Administration

RIG VEDIC PERIOD

  1. Sources for Reconstructing Vedic Society and Culture
  2. Geography of the Rig Vedic Period – Area of Settlement
  3. Political Organisation and Evolution of Monarchy
  4. Social Organization
  5. Economy
  6. Religious Practices and Culture

LATER VEDIC PERIOD

  1. Geography of the later Vedic Phases – Area of Settlement
  2. Political System
  3. Social Organisation and Varna System
  4. Economy
  5. Religious Practices and Culture

MAURYAN EMPIRE

  1. Sources: Inscriptions and Sites and
    Literary Sources (The Arthasastra)
  2. Rulers and Political History of the Mauryas
    1. Chandragupta and Bindusara
    2. Megasthenes
    3. Asoka and His Successors
  3. Asoka’s Inscriptions and Sites
  4. Asokan Reign
  5. Asoka and Buddhism
  6. Asoka Policy of Dhamma
  7. Mauryan Administration
  8. Foreign Relations
  9. Decline of the Mauryas

SANGAM PERIOD (SOUTH INDIAN DYNASTIES)

  1. Sangam Literature
  2. South Indian Dynasties
    1. Cholas
    2. Cheras
    3. Pandyas
  3. Sangam Polity, Society and Culture
  4. Economy of Sangam Period
  5. Foreign Dynasties                                   
  6. Commercial Contacts with the Outside World
  7. Schools of Art

Modern History (Mains)

BEFORE EUROPEAN PENETRATION IN INDIA

  1. Later Mughals
  2. Disintegration of Mughal Empire
  3. Rise of Regional States
    1. Bengal
    2. Hyderabad and Carnatic
    3. Awadh           
    4. Mysore
    5. Kerala
    6. The Sikhs
    7. Rajput states and Jats
    8. Marathas
  4. Rise and fall of Marathas
  5. Socio and Economic condition of people in 18th Century
  6. Cultural life of people in 18th Century
  7. Scientific outlook in 18th Century

SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORMS IN 19TH CENTURY

  1. Social and Religious reforms in 19th Century
  2. Role of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in social and religious regeneration
  3. Radical trend between 1820 & 1830 (Derozio)
  4. Ishwar Chandra VidyaSagar (Girl education, child marriage, widow remarriage and caste hierarchy)
  5. Why impact of western Ideas felt more in Bengal than in Western India
  6. Fight Against Caste System, Untouchability and Widow remarriage, Child marriage
  7. Parsi Reforms
  8. Sikh Reforms
  9. Role of women
  10. State of Education in India during 19th Century

NATIONALIST MOVEMENT (1905-1918)

  1. Growth of militant Nationalism
  2. How militant nationalists different from moderates
  3. Swadeshi and Boycott Movement and participation from different sections
  4. Women Participation before Gandhi
  5. Growth of Revolutionary Terrorism
  6. Indian National Congress between 1905-1914
  7. Morley Minto Reforms
  8. Muslim league and growth of communalism
  9. British used Muslim league to fight rising nationalism
  10. Nationalist and World War I
  11. Home rule league movement
  12. Revolutionary Organization like Ghadar Party
  13. Lucknow session of 1916

BEGINNING OF EUROPEAN PENETRATION IN INDIA

  1. Trade between India and Europe
  2. Portuguese Domination
  3. Spice trade of Dutch
  4. British trade expansion in India and its effect on India from 1600-1744
  5. Anglo-French Struggle and Subversion of Indian political power

REVOLT OF 1857

  1. Reasons for revolt of 1857
  2. Participation in Revolt
  3. Spread of Revolt
  4. Response of British
  5. Impact of Revolt of 1857
  6. Factors responsible for failure of Revolt of 1857

STRUGGLE FOR SWARAJ

  1. Post world war scenario favorable for Nationalism    
  2. Impact of Russian Revolution on National Movement
  3. Montague Chelmsford reforms
  4. Rowlatt Act
  5. Arrival of Mahatma Gandhi and his ideas
  6. Champaran Satyagraha, Ahmedabad Mill strike
  7. Satyagraha against Rowlatt Act
  8. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
  9. Khilafat movement and Non cooperation movement
  10. Impact of ChauriChaura Incident
  11. Role of Swarajists
  12. State peoples conference movements
  13. Rise of Socialism within congress
  14. Peasant, Tribal and workers agitation
  15. Socialist turn to Revolutionary terrorism
  16. Response of British to revolutionary terrorism
  17. Boycott of Simon Commission
  18. Nehru Report
  19. Significance of PoornaSwaraj Resolution
  20. Dandi March
  21. Programme of CDM (1930-34) and British response
  22. First Round table conference
  23. Gandhi-Irwin pact and second RTC
  24. Second phase of CDM
  25. Women Participation after coming of Mahatma Gandhi
  26. Communal Award
  27. Poona Pact and Mahatma Gandhi fast unto death
  28. Mahatma Gandhi and BR Ambedkar approach to caste and untouchability
  29. Third RTC

EXPANSION OF BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 1756-1818

  1. British expansion in Bengal
  2. Importance of Battle of Plassey
  3. Clash between Mir Qasim and East India Company
  4. Dual system of administration in Bengal
  5. Wars under Warren Hastings and Cornwallis
  6. Expansion under Lord Wellesley
  7. Subsidiary Alliance policy of Wellesley
  8. Expansion under Cornwallis
  9. Overpowering of Maratha Confederacy

ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES POST REVOLT OF 1857

  1. Government of India Act of 1858
  2. Indian council Act of 1861
  3. Role of Mayo, Lytton and Ripon
  4. Promotion of Local bodies and role of Ripon
  5. Changes in Army
  6. Changed Relationship with Princely States
  7. Reactionary policy of British
  8. Divide and Rule
    1. Restrictions on Press and Acts Related to it
    2. Attitude towards social reform
    3. Hostility towards educated Indians
    4. Carrot and Stick policy
  9. Labor Legislations

CONSOLIDATION UNDER BRITISH RULE, 1818-1857

  1. Conquest of Sind
  2. Conquest of Punjab
  3. Policy of Annexation of Dalhousie

STRUCTURE OF BRITISH RULE IN INDIA

  1. End of Dual Government and Direct Administration of Bengal (From 1772)
  2. Relations between East India Company and British state between 1765-1833             
  3. Regulating Act of 1773 and Pitts India Act
  4. Charter Act of 1813 and 1833

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE

  • Ruin of Traditional Economy
  • Impoverishment of peasantry
  • Ruin of old zamindars
  • Rise of new Landlordism
  • Deterioration of Agriculture
  • Development of modern industries
  • Rise of new social class in India
  • Poverty and Famines
  • Drain of Wealth theory

BRITISH ECONOMIC POLICY IN INDIA FROM 1757-1857

  1. Commercial Policy of British from 1757-1857
  2. Effect of Battle of Plassey on Indian Trade
  3. Effect of Industrial Revolution on Economic relations with India
  4. Factors that Make Britain Favorable for Industrial Revolution
  5. Drain of Wealth
  6. Development of Means of Transport and communication and industries
  7. Land Revenue Policy of British (Permanent, Ryotwari, Mahalwari)
  8. Effect of Land Revenue Policy on Agrarian relations in India

NATIONALIST MOVEMENT (1858-1905)

  1. Factors responsible for Rise of Nationalism
  2. Predecessors of Indian National Congress
  3. Indian National Congress
  4. Constitutional Reforms by Moderates
  5. Economic Reforms by Moderates
  6. Administrative and other reforms by Moderates
  7. Defence of Civil rights
  8. Method of Constitutional agitation of Moderates
  9. British Repsonse
  10. Evaluation of role of moderates

NATIONALIST POLITICS (1935-1939)

  1. Government of India Act, 1935
  2. Formation of Congress Ministries
  3. Growth of Socialist Ideas
  4. Congress and International Affairs

TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE

  1. National Movement in Princely States
  2. Growth of Communalism
  3. National movement and World War II
  4. August Offer , 1940
  5. Individual civil disobedience movement (1940-41)
  6. Cripps Mission and Reasons for Failure
  7. Quit India Movement and British Response
  8. Women participation in end stages of freedom struggle
  9. Azad Hind Fauj and SC Bose
  10. INA Trials
  11. Wavell Plan and Shimla Conference
  12. 1945-46 elections and the communal divide
  13. RIN (Royal Indian Navy Mutiny)
  14. Labour and peasant Unrest all over Country
  15. Reasons Behind British Support for India’s demand for freedom
  16. Cabinet Mission
  17. Towards Partition and independence
  18. Rise of Muslim communalism and partition of India
  19. The Indian independence Act July, 1947
  20. Role of Various Leaders
  21. Factors leading to Partition
  22. Why congress accepted partition of India

SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORM AFTER 1858

  1. Factors responsible for Religious reform of 19th Century
  2. Religious reforms in Maharashtra
  3. Swami Dayanand and AryaSamaj
  4. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
  5. Theosophical society
  6. Swami vivekanand
  7. Aligarh School of Thought
  8. Reform among Parsis
  9. Limitations of religious reform movement
  10. Movement to Improve position of Women
  11. Struggle Against Caste
  12. Effect of National Awakening on social reforms
  13. Social legislations in the 19th and 20th century

ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY OF BRITISH

  1. Civil Service in India
  2. Role of Army
  3. Police
  4. Judicial organization during British Rule
  5. Introduction of Rule of Law
  6. Equality Before Law

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL POLICY OF BRITISH

  1. Modern Thoughts that influenced British Policies in India
  2. Conservatives and Radicals
  3. Policy of partial modernization
  4. Humanitarian Measures (Abolition of Sati etc)
  5. Spread of modern education

Contemporary Issues: PIC (Mains)

POLITY

  • Reorganisation of States
  • Emergency in India                                
  • Linguistic Regionalism in India.
  • Lok Sabha Elections 2014 and 2018

ECONOMY

  • Agriculture since 12th five year plan  
  • Industry since 12th five year plan        
  • New Economic Policies and its Impact

SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO VULNERABLE SECTION

  • Tribal Issue and Policy Consolidation
  • Issue of Women and Evolution of Women Movement 
  • Agrarian Struggles                                   
  • Problem of Caste and Social Consolidation
  • Communalism Secularism and Social Consolidation
  • Regionalism Issues in India
  • Issue of Linguistic Minorities
  • Environmental Movements

Indian Culture (Mains)

CULTURE AND HERITAGE OF INDIA

  1. Aims and objectives of performing arts and their development through various stages.
  2. Utility of performing arts during the ancient and the medieval period.
  3. Appreciate the contribution of classical dances, folk music as well as folk dances in Indian culture and Challenges faced by performing Arts  
  4. Development of drama through various phases in India and recognize the contribution of folk theatre
  5. Examine the importance of the three art forms in the development of human personality.   
  6. Religious and secular Art in India

LANGUAGES & LITERATURE

  1. Vedic Literature
  2. Tamil language and Sangam Literature
  3. Classical languages : Evolution & impact on society
  4. Trends in Medieval Literature
  5. Modern Indian Literature

BRONZE SCULPTURES IN INDIA

  1. Harappan “Dancing Girl”
  2. Jain Tirthankaras Bronze Images
  3. Buddha bronze Images (ex Guptas and Vakatakas)
  4. Pala school of Art (Bronze images, Manuscripts)
  5. Pallava Bronze Images
  6. Chola Bronzes
  7. Nataraja

MUSIC

  1. Evolution of Indian Music
  2. Contribution of Some personalities : Amir Khusro, Mohammad Shah
  3. Hindustani Music evolution, features and impact  
  4. Carnatic Music evolution, features and impact
  5. Hindustani and Carnatic music differences and similarities
  6. Regional music and its impact
  7. Modern Music

ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA

  1. Architectural Style of Harappan Civilisation
  2. Influence of Buddhism and Jainism on Indian architecture
    1. Stupas, Chaityas and Viharas
  3. Impact of Persian and Greek invasion on Indian culture
  4. Mauryan Architecture (322-182 BC)
  5. Post Mauryan Architecture
  6. Gandhara and Mathura school of Art
  7. Cultural development during Gupta Age
  8. Temple Architecture and Sculptures
    1. Nagara and Dravida Styles
    2. Early Temples
    3. Rock Cut temples
    4. Monolithic Temples
    5. Free Standing Temples
  9. Pallavas as great temple builders
  10. Emergence of Nalanda as centre of learning
  11. Medieval Period architecture
    1. Delhi Sultanate
    2. Regional Kingdoms ( Mandu, Jaunpuretc)
    3. Vijaynagara Architecture
    4. Mughal Architecture
  12. Indo Islamic Architecture
  13. Colonial Architecture
  14. Utility of Architectural structures today and in Past
  15. Conservation and Preservation of Architectural Structures
  16. Spread of Indian Culture to Southeast Asia

PAINTINGS IN INDIA

  1. Prehistoric Rock Paintings
  2. Ancient Period
    1. Murals Paintings
    2. Bagh Caves
    3. Sittanavasal Paintings
    4. Armamalai caves
  3. Medieval Period
    1. Pala school of miniature paintings
    2. Mughal miniature paintings (synthesis           of Indian and Persian style)
    3. Role of Akbar and his successors
    4. Development of Pahari, Rajput and Deccan Paintings
    5. Theme of paintings in Medieval period
  4. Modern Period
    1. Bengal school of Art
    2. Renaissance or revivalist painting
    3. Madras School of Art
  5. Decorative Art
    1. Madhubani
    2. Kalamkari
    3. Kalighat
    4. Warli
    5. Pattachitra
    6. Theme of decorative paintings in India
  6. Theatre Forms of India
    1. Significance of Traditional folk theatre in India
    2. Different forms of traditional folk  theatre in India
    3. Sanskrit theatre in India
    4. Challenges faced by theatre in India
  7. Puppet forms in India
    1. Themes of puppetry in India
    2. Forms of Puppetry
  8. Religious Philosophies
    1. Buddhism and its impact
    2. Jainism and its impact
    3. Sufism and its impact
    4. Vedanta Philosophy
  9. Bhakti Traditions

DANCE

  1. Tracing Evolution of Dance (Rig Veda, Harappa, Nataraja)
  2. Classical Dances of India, their evolution and Theme
  3. Well known Classical dancers of India.
  4. Themes in Indian folk dances

DRAMA

  1. Introduction ( Natyashastra)
  2. Evolution of Drama in India
  3. Various texts relating to Drama period wise (ex Mahabhasya, mrichhakatika)
  4. Famous Modern Dramas and Dramatists.

Medieval History

MAJOR DYNASTIES (750-1200) OF EARLY MEDIEVAL INDIA

  1. The Pratiharas (8th to 10th Century)
  2. The Palas (8th to 11th Century)
  3. The Tripartite Conflict
  4. The Senas (11th to 12th Century)
  5. The Rajaputas
  6. Pallavas
  7. Chalukyas
  8. Rashtrakutas
  9. Indian Feudalism
  10. Administration
  11. Society and Culture
  12. Economy and the decline of Trade

STATE AND GOVERNMENT UNDER AKBAR

  1. Akbar’s Concept of Suzerainty
  2. Structure of Government, Central and
    Provincial -the Vikalat, the Central Ministries, Provincial
  3. Government, District and Local Government
  4. The Working of Government – the Ruler, Land-Revenue System, the Dahsala System, the Mansabdari System and the Army

THE MARATHA AND OTHER INDIAN STATES AND SOCIETY IN THE 18TH CENTURY

  1. The Marathas and their Policy of Expansion
  2. The Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk
  3. The Maratha Advance into Gujarat and Malwa
  4. The Maratha Advance into Doab and Punjab:
  5. First Phase (1741-52); Second Phase (1752-61);
  6. Third Battle of Panipat
  7. Shivaji (1627-1680)
  8. Shivaji’s administration
  9. Successors of Shivaji
  10. The Peshwas (1713-1818)
  11. Other Indian States ( The Bhonsles The Gaikwads Holkars Sindhias)
  12. Economic Condition in 18th Century
  13. Social and Cultural Life

CHOLAS AND OTHER SOUTH INDIAN KINGDOMS

  1. Chola Rulers and Political History
  2. Chola Administration
  3. Socio-Economic Life
  4. Education and Literature
  5. The Cheras (9th to 12th Century)
  6. The Yadavas (12th to 13th Century)
  7. Contact with South-East Asia

AKBAR’S RELIGIOUS VIEWS

  1. Relations with the Ulama and Social Reforms
  2. The Early Phase (1556-73)
  3. The Second Phase (1573-80) – the Ibadat Khana
  4. Debates – the Mahzar – Breach with Orthodox
  5. Ulama – Re-organisation of Madadd-i-Maash Grants
  6. Third or Final Phase – Din-i-Ilahi – State
  7. Policies and religious toleration

VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE

  1. Sources
  2. Political History
  3. Administration
  4. Social and Cultural Life
  5. Economic Condition
  6. Conflicts with the Bahmani Kingdom

EARLY MUSLIM INVASIONS

  1. The Arab Conquest of Sindh
  2. Mahmud of Ghazni
  3. Muhammad Ghori

THE DECCAN AND THE MUGHALS (UP TO 1657)

  1. The Deccani States up to 1595
  2. Mughal Advance towards the Deccan
  3. Mughal Conquest of Berar, Khandesh and Parts of Ahmadnagar
  4. Rise of Malik Ambar Mughal Attempt at Consolidation (1601-27)
  5. Extinction of Ahmadnagar,Acceptance of Mughal
  6. Suzerainty by Bijapur and Golconda
  7. Shah Jahan and the Deccan (1636-57)
  8. Cultural Contribution of the Deccani States

THE DELHI SULTANATE (1206-1526 AD)

  1. Slave Dynasty
  2. Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD)
  3. Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414 AD)
  4. Provincial Kingdoms and Resistance
    by Indian Chiefs
  5. Sayyid Dynasty
  6. Lodi Dynasty
  7. Attacks by Mongolas and other Turks
  8. Administration
  9. Economy
  10. Urbanization
  11. Society and Culture
  12. Scientific Knowledge and legal System
  13. Challenges leading to the decline of the Sultanate

REGIONAL STATES IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

  1. Regional States of North and South India (Bahmani, Bengal, Avadh, The Sikhs, Rajput States Jats Hyderabad Mysore)
  2. Social and Cultural Conditions
  3. Economic Conditions
  4. Military Conditions

FOREIGN POLICY OF THE MUGHALS

  1. Akbar and the Uzbeks
  2. The Question of Qandahar and Relations with Iran
  3. Shah Jahan’s Balkh Campaign
  4. Mughal – Persian Relations – the Last Phase

NORTHERN INDIA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

  1. Bahadur Shah I, and the Beginning of the Struggle For Wizarat
  2. Rajput Affairs
  3. Marathas and the Deccan – Accentuation of the Party Struggle
  4. Struggle for ‘New’ Wizarat: Zulfiqar Khan and Jahandar Shah (1712-13)
  5. The Saiyid Brothers’ Struggle for ‘New’ Wizarat
  6. The Saiyid ‘New’ Wizarat
  7. The Wizarat of M. Amin Khan and Nizam-ul-Mulk
  8. Rise of Regional States, Beginning of Foreign Invasions of India (1725-48)

STRUGGLE FOR EMPIRE IN NORTH INDIA (AFGHANS, RAJPUTS AND MUGHALS)

  • Struggle between Ibrahim Lodi and Babur
  • The Battle of Panipat
  • Babur’s problems after the Battle of Panipat
  • Struggle with RanaSanga
  • Problems of the Eastern Areas and the Afghans
  • Babur’s Contribution and Significance of his Advent into India
  • Humayun and the Afghans
  • Early Activities of Humayun, and the Tussle with Bahadur Shah
  • The Gujarat Campaign
  • The Bengal Campaign, and Struggle with Sher Khan

INDIA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

  1. Jahangir’s Accession – his Early Difficulties
  2. Territorial Consolidation and Expansion of the Empire – Mewar, East India and Kangra
  3. NurJahan, and the NurJahan ‘Junta’ The Rebellions of Shah Jahan,
    and the coup de main of Mahabat Khan
  4. Jahangir as a Ruler
  5. State and Religion in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century
  6. Shah Jahan – Consolidation and Expansion of the Empire
  7. Evolution of the Mughal Ruling Class and the Mansabdari System

SOCIETY-STRUCTURE AND GROWTH

  1. Rural Society
  2. Towns and Town Life
  3. Artisans and Master-Craftsmen
  4. Women
  5. Servants and Slaves
  6. Standard of Living
  7. The Ruling Classes – Nobility, Rural Gentry
  8. The Middle Strata
  9. The Commercial Classes

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NORTH INDIAN EMPIRE

  1. Social and Political Background of Bihar  and the Rise of Sher Shah to Power
  2. The Sur Empire (1540-56)
  3. Contributions of Sher Shah
  4. Coinage
  5. Architecture

CLIMAX AND CRISIS OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE: THE MARATHAS AND THE DECCAN

  1. Rise of the Marathas – Early Career of Shivaji
  2. Treaty of Purandar – the Agra Visit
  3. Aurangzeb and the Deccani States (1658-87)
  4. Marathas and the Decean (1687-1707)
  5. Assessment of Aurangzeb and the Jagirdari Crisis

ECONOMIC LIFE-PATTERNS AND PROSPECTS

  1. Inland Trade
  2. Overseas Trade – Role of Foreign Trading
  3. Companies – Position of Indian Merchants Over-land Trade
  4. The Mughal State and Commerce
  5. Trend of India’s Economy and Prospects during the First Half of the Eighteenth Century

CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION OF THE EMPIRE – AKBAR

  1. Conflict with the Afghans – Hemu
    1. 2nd Battle of Panipat
  2. Struggle with the Nobility: Bairam Khan’s Regency; Revolt of Uzbek Nobles
  3. Early Expansion of the Empire (1560-76) – Malwa, Garh-Katanga, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Eastern India
  4. Relations with the Rajputs – Growth of a Composite Ruling Class
  5. Rebellions, and Further Expansion of the Empire in the North West

Indian Culture (Prelims)

VISUAL ARTS

  1. Architecture
    1. Harappan Period
    2. Mauryan Architecture
    3. Post-Mauryan Period
    4. Gupta Period
    5. Temples of Khajuraho
    6. Temples of Odisha
    7. Temples of Gwalior
    8. Temples of Gujarat
    9. Temples of Rajasthan
    10. Temples of Bengal
    11. Temples of Assam
    12. Temples of Himachal Pradesh
    13. Temples of Jammu and Kashmir
    14. Pallava Period Temples
    15. Chola Period Temples
    16. Pandya Temples
    17. Vijaynagar Period Temples
    18. NayakaTemples
    19. Temples of Kerala
    20. Rashtrakuta Period Temples
    21. Schools of Temple Architecture
      1. Nagara Style
      2. Vesara Style
      3. Hoysala Style
      4. Dravidian Style
    22. Indo-Islamic Architecture
      1. Imperial Style (Delhi Sultanate)
      2. Provincial Style
      3. Mughal Style
      4. Sikh Style of Architecture
      5. Avadh (Oudh) Style
      6. Rajput Architecture
      7. Jaina Art
    23. Modern Architecture
      1. European Influence
        1. Portuguese
        2. Danish
        3. British
      2. Indo-Saracenic Architecture
      3. Post-Independence Period
  2. Sculptures
      1. Sculptures of Harappan Civilisation
      2. Sculptures of Mauryan Age
      3. Post-Mauryan Period
      4. Jain Sculptures
      5. Buddhist Sculpture
      6. Gupta Sculpture
      7. Medieval School of Sculpture
      8. Modern Indian Sculpture
  3. Paintings
      1. Cave Paintings
      2. Tradition of Mural Paintings in India
      3. Tradition of Miniature Paintings in India
      4. Paintings in the Deccan
      5. Rajput School of Painting
      6. Pahari School of Painting
      7. Miniature Painting in South India
      8. Regional Paintings
      9. Modern Paintings
      10. Contemporary Paintings
  4. Pottery Tradition
      1. Ochre: Coloured Pottery(OCP)
      2. Black and Red Ware (BRW)
      3. Painted Grey Ware (PGW)
      4. Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW)
      5. Glazed and Unglazed Pottery
  5. Numismatics
      1. Coinage

PERFORMING ARTS

  1. Music in India
    1. Classical Indian Music
      1. Hindustani Music
        1. Gharanas
      2. Carnatic Music
    2. Main Pillars of Indian Music
    3. Forms of Indian Music
    4. Musical Instruments
    5. Institutions Related to Music in India
    6. Folk Music
  2. Dances in India
    1. Concept of Dance in India
    2. Concept of Ashta Nayika
    3. Rasa and Bhava
    4. Eight Classical Dance Forms in India
    5. Folk Dances
    6. Modern Dances
  3. Sports in India
    1. Various Type of Sports
    2. Genesis of Martial Arts
    3. Forms of Traditional Martial Arts
    4. Animal Sports
  4. Indian Theatre
    1. History of Theatre in India
    2. Classical Sanskrit Theatre
    3. Traditional Theatre
    4. Regional Theatre
    5. Modern Theatre in India
    6. Renaissance of Indian Theatre
    7. Cinema in India
      1. History of Indian Cinema
      2. Classification of Indian Cinema Film
  5. Indian Puppetry
      1. String Puppets
      2. Shadow Puppets
      3. Rod Puppets
      4. Glove puppets
      5. Modern Puppetry
      6. Tribal Puppetry

RELIGION, LANGUAGE & LITERATURE

  1. Religions in-India
    1. Pre-Vedic Religion
    2. Hinduism
    3. Buddhism
    4. Jainism
    5. Sikhism
    6. Islam
    7. Christianity
    8. Zoroastrianism
    9. Judaism
    10. Philosophy in India
    11. Bhakti Movement
    12. Saints of Bhakti Movement
    13. Sufism
  2. Languages and Literature in India
    1. Classical Language
    2. Sanskrit Literature
    3. Pali Literature
    4. Prakrit Literature
    5. Tamil Literature
    6. Telugu Literature
    7. Malayalam Literature
    8. Kannada Literature
    9. Odia Literature
    10. Assamese Literature
    11. Bengali Literature
    12. Gujarati Literature
    13. Rajasthani Literature
    14. Punjabi Literature
    15. Marathi Literature
    16. Hindi Literature
    17. Persian Literature
    18. Urdu Literature
    19. Influence/Contribution of foreign languages & Literature to India language

MISCELLANEOUS

  1. Government Cultural Institutions in India
  2. UNESCO’s List of Cultural Heritage in India
  3. Protection and Promotion of Indian Culture and Heritage :Legal Provisions
  4. Schemes and Awards
    1. Awards and Honours Associated with Culture
    2. International Yoga Day
    3. Indian Handicrafts
  5. Personalities Related to Culture
  6. Places of Cultural Interest
  7. The Calendar & the Eras                       
  8. Science and Technology in Ancient India
  1. Recent developments
    1. Important Festivals
    2. Kheer Bhawani festival
    3. Mahapushkaram
    4. Bathu kamma
    5. Manipur Sangai Festival
    6. Losar festival
    7. Intangible Cultural Heritage under UNESCO has inscribed ´Kumbh Mela’
    8. Sankalp Parva-Sankalp se Siddhi’
    9. Paryatan Parv
    10. Bharat Parv
    11. Orange Festival Nagpur
    12. Protest against Sunburn fest                 
    13. 2017 Teesta Rangit Tourism Festival
    14. Ganga sagarmela
    15. Nabakalebar Rath Yatra
    16. Chapchar Kut Festival
    17. Hornbill Festival
    18. Wangala Festival
    19. Schemes for Cleanliness of Tourist Places
    20. Swachh Bharat Swachh Smarak
    21. ‘Swachh Bharat Swachh Paryatan’
    22. Incredible India 2.0 Campaign
    23. Schemes for Development of Cultural Heritage
    24. Sanskriti App
    25. Cultural Mapping of India
    26. Schemes for Monument Development
    27. HRIDAY
    28. SWADESH DARSHAN
    29. PRASAD SCHEME
    30. AdarshSmarak Yojana
    31. Cultural Scheme Monitoring System
    32. Schemes for promotion of Culture
    33. Schemes for Serious Literature and Litterateurs
    34. National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities
    35. National Mission on Manuscripts
    36. Gandhi Heritage Sites Mission
    37. Muziris Heritage Site
    38. International Initiatives for Cultural Development and Recognition
    39. Project Mausam
    40. International Buddhist Conclave
    41. World’s Heritage
    42. UNESCO inscribes Yoga in the representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
    43. UNESCO Creative Cities Network
    44. UNESCO Global Geopark
    45. National Virtual Library of India
    46. Jallikattu
    47. Kambala
    48. GI Tag
      1. Definition
      2. GI vs. Trademark
      3. Rights under GI
      4. Famous Goods
      5. Latest addition
    49. Rashtriya Ekta Diwas

Modern History

THE ADVENT OF EUROPEANS IN INDIA

  1. The Portuguese in India
  2. De Almeida
  3. Albuquerque
  4. Causes of failure of Portuguese empire in India
  5. The Dutch in India
  6. The Danes in India
  7. The English
  8. The French
  9. Anglo-French Rivalry
  10. First Carnatic War
  11. Rise of the Hyderahad State
  12. The Second Carnatic War
  13. The Third Carnatic War
  14. Causes of English Succes

DEVELOPMENT OF PRESS

  1. Different Publications and Journals
  2. Acts related to Press
    1. Vernacular Press Act, 1878
  3. Struggle by Early Nationalists to
    Secure Press Freedom ,
  4. During and After the First World War
  5. During the Second World War
  6. After Independence

INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT – III (1930-1947)

  1. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1931)
  2. First Round Table Conference, 1930
  3. Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 1931
  4. Karachi session of 1931
  5. Second Round Table Conference, 1931
  6. Civil Disobedience Movement (Second-Phase)
  7. Third Round Table Conference (17 November 1932)
  8. Communal Award
  9. Poona Pact, 1932
  10. Government of India Act, 1935
  11. World War II and Indian Nationalism
  12. Resignation of Congress Ministers (1939)
  13. Poona Resolution and Conditional Support to Britain (1941)
  14. August Offer of 1940
  15. The Individual Civil Disobedience
  16. Two-Nation Theory
  17. Demand for Pakistan (1942)
  18. Cripps Mission (1942)
  19. Quit India Movement
  20. Azad Hind Fauj
  21. Indian National Army
  22. N.A. Trials
  23. I.N. Rebellion
  24. Rajagopalachari Formula, 1945
  25. Desai – Liaqat Pact
  26. Cabinet Mission (1946)
  27. Wavell Plan
  28. Jinnah’s Direct Action Resolution
  29. Mountbatten Plan of June 1947
  30. Indian Independence Act 1947

BRITISH EXPANSION IN INDIA

  1. Bengal
  2. Anglo Maratha Wars
  3. The Subsidiary Alliance System
  4. Second Phase of British
    Expansion In India                                 
  5. The Conquest of Sindh
  6. Anglo-Sikh Wars
  7. Doctrine of Lapse
  8. Annexation of Oudh

SOCIO-RELIGIOUS REFORMS

  • Factors causing Reforms
  • Directions of refroms
  • Hindu Reform Movements
  • Reform Movements Among Muslims
  • Sikh Reform Movement
  • Parsi Reform Movement
    1. Parsi Religious Reform Association               
  • Significance of Reform Movements
  • Impact of Reform Movements

ADMINISTRATION BEFORE 1857

  1. The Dual System
  2. The Charter Acts
  3. Judicial System
  4. Impact of British Administration

PERSONALITIES

  1. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
  2. Swami Vivekananda
  3. Swami DayanandaSaraswati
  4. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
  5. Keshab Chandra Sen
  6. Sri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa
  7. Mahadev Govind Ranade
  8. Annie Besant–Theosophical Society  
  9. Syed Ahmad Khan
  10. Baba Dayal Das                                     
  11. Pandita Ramabai Sarojini Naidu
  12. Jyotiba Phule
  13. Dr.Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar

ECONOMIC POLICIES OF THE BRITISH

  1. Phase of Mercantilism (1757-1813)
  2. Phase of Free Trade (1813-1858)
  3. Phase of Finance Imperialism (1858 onwards)
  4. Land Revenue Policy                             
    1. Ryotwari                                   
    2. Mahalwari
    3. Permanent Settlement
  5. Impact of British Policy on Indian Economy
  6. Drain of Wealth Theory

PEASANT, TRIBAL AND OTHER MOVEMENTS

  1. Tribal Movements
    1. Bhil Uprising
    2. Kol Uprising
    3. Santhal Rebellion
    4. Jaintia and Garo Rebellion
    5. Rampa Rebellion
    6. Munda Rebellion
    7. Khonda Dora Uprisings
    8. Tana Bhagat Movement
  2. Peasant Movements
    1. Champaran Satyagraha
    2. Kheda Peasant Struggle
    3. Bardoli Movement
    4. Moplah Rebellion
    5. Tebhaga Movement
    6. Telangana Movement

GOVERNOR GENERALS DURING BRITISH INDIA

  1. Governor of Bengal (Before 1773)
  2. Governor Generals of Bengal (1773-1833)
  3. Governor Generals of India (1832-1858)
  4. Viceroy and Governor Generals of India (1858-1947)

IMPACT OF BRITISH ADMINISTRATION

  1. Industrialization—Ruin of Artisans and Handicrafts men
  2. Impoverishment of Peasantry
  3. Emergence of New Land Relations, Ruin of Old Zamindars
  4. Stagnation and Deterioration of Agriculture
  5. Commercialization of Indian Agriculture
  6. Development of Modern Industry
  7. Rise of Indian Bourgeoisie
  8. Economic Drain
  9. Famine and Poverty
  10. Nationalist Critique of Colonial Economy
  11. Abolition of the Dual System

REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM

  • Early Phase Indian National Congress
  • The Moderate Congress (1885-1905)
  • Opinion Against Economic Exploitation Administrative Reforms Constitutional Reforms : Weaknesses & Evaluation
  • The Extremist (1905-1920)
    • Terrorist Movements
    • The Revolutionary Movement
    • Reasons for Failure
    • Revolutionary Activities in Maharashtra
    • Revolutionary Activities in Bengal
    • Revival of Revolutionary Nationalism
    • Surya Sen
    • Revolutionary Activities Outside India
    • The Indian Independence Committee in Berlin
  • Differences between the Moderates and the Extremists

LIST

  1. Robert Clive (1754-1767)
  2. Lord Warren Hastings (1773-1785)
  3. Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793)
  4. Sir John Shore (1793-1798)
  5. Lord Arthur Wellesley (1798-1805)
  6. Lord George Barlow (1805-1807)
  7. Lord Minto-I (1807-1813)
  8. Francis Rawdon Hastings (1813-1823): (Marques of Hastings)       
  9. Lord Amherst (1823-28)
  10. Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835)
  11. Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835-1836)
  12. Lord Auckland (1836-1842)
  13. Lord Ellenborough (1842-1844)
  14. Lord Hardinge-I (1844-1848)
  15. Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856 great imperialist and colonist)
  16. Lord Canning (1856-1857 and 1858-1862)
  17. Lord Elgin-I (1862-1863)
  18. Lord Lawrence (1864-1869)
  19. Lord Mayo (1869-1872)
  20. Lord Northbrook (1872-1876)
  21. Lord Lytton (1876-1880)
  22. Lord Rippon (1880-1884)
  23. Lord Dufferin (1884-1888)
  24. Lord Lansdowne (1888-1894)
  25. Lord Elgin-II (1894-1999)
  26. Lord Curzon (1899-1905)
  27. Lord Minto-II (1905-1910)
  28. Lord Hardinge-II (1910-1916)
  29. Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)
  30. Lord Reading (1921-1926)
  31. Lord Irwin (1926-1931)
  32. Lord Willingdon (1931-1936)
  33. Lord Linlithgow (1936-1944)
  34. Lord Wavell (1944-1947)
  35. Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948)

THE REVOLT OF 1857

  1. Causes of the Revolt
    1. Economic Causes
    2. Political Causes
    3. Administrative Causes
    4. Socio -Religious Causes
    5. Influence of Outside Events
    6. Discontent Among Sepoy’s
  2. Centres and Spread of the Revolt
  3. Leaders of the Revolt
  4. Causes of Failure of the Revolt
  5. Nature and Impact of the Revolt
  6. Consequences

ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES AFTER 1857

  1. Administration – Central, Provincial, Local
  2. Changes in the Army
  3. Public Services
  4. Princely States
  5. Foreign Policy

INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT – I (1905-1918)

  1. Partition of Bengal (1905)
  2. Swadeshi Movement
  3. Muslim League, 1906
  4. Surat Session of INC, 1907
  5. Indian Council Act (Morley-Minto Act) 1909
  6. Ghadar Party, 1913
  7. Komagata Maru Incident 1914
  8. The Lucknow Pact (1916)
  9. Home Rule Movement (1915–1916)
  10. August Declaration, 1917

CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

  1. Regulating Act 1773
  2. Pitts India Act of 1784
  3. Charter Act of 1793
  4. Charter Act of 1813
  5. Charter Act of 1833
  6. Charter Act of 1853
  7. Government of India Act 1858
  8. The Indian Councils Act 1861
  9. Indian Councils Act 1892
  10. Indian Councils Act 1909 or Morley – Minto Reforms Government of India Act 1919 or Montague – Chelmsford Reforms
  11. Government of India Act 1935
  12. Indian Independence Act, 1947

DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SERVICES

  1. Indian Civili Services Act, 1861
  2. Aitcision Comminittee on Public Services (1886)
  3. Montford Reforms (1919)
  4. Lee Commission (1924)
  5. Government of India Act, 1935

INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT –II (1918-1929)

  1. World War I-Reforms and Agitation
  2. Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
  3. Ahmadabad Mill Strike (1918)
  4. Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
  5. The Government of India Act, 1919
  6. Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh
    Massacre (1919)
  7. Khilafat Movement
  8. The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)
  9. Bardoli Resolution
  10. Nagpur Session of Congress
  11. Swaraj Party and its Evaluation
  12. Muddiman Committee (1924)
  13. Simon Commission (1927)
  14. Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)
  15. Nehru Report (1928)
  16. Jinnah’s Fourteen Points
  17. Lahore Session, 1929
  18. Allahabad Address (1930)

DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION

  1. Charter Act of 1813
  2. Orientalist-Anglicism Controversy
  3. Efforts of Thomson
  4. Wood’s Dispatch (1854) Hunter Education Commission (1882-83)
  5. Indian Universities Act, 1904
  6. Government Resolution on Education Policy—1913
  7. Saddler University Commission (1917-19)
  8. Education Under Dyarchy
  9. Hartog Committee (1929)
  10. Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937)
  11. Sergeant Plan of Education
  12. Kothari Education Commission (1964-66)
  13. Development of Vernacular Education
  14. Development of Technical Education
  15. Evaluation of British Policy on Education

Post Independence Consolidation (Mains)

CHALLENGES BEFORE INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE

  1. Communal Riots and Regions most affected
  2. Partition and then Independence: Punjab, Bengal and Assam, Sindh
  3. Radcliff Commission and challenges before boundary commission
  4. Radcliff Commission and its composition
  5. Drawbacks of Commission
  6. Division of sources
  7. Finances
  8. Defence personnel and equipment
  9. Civil government
  10. Assassination of Gandhi
  11. Resettlement and Rehabilitation of Refugees
  12. Shift to Constitutional Democracy

ECONOMIC CONSOLIDATION

  1. Economic Development and Planning
  2. Ideas of Development
  3. Planning
  4. Formation of Planning Commission
  5. First five year plan
  6. Second five year plan
  7. Achievements of Plans from 1947 to 1965
  8. Key controversies regarding 5 year plans
  9. Green Revolution
  10. Prevailing Conditions before the introduction of Green Revolution
  11. Initiatives prior to Green Revolution to boost Agriculture
  12. Government’s other positive initiative during Green Revolution Period
  13. Positive and negative impact of Green Revolution
  14. Operation Flood and Cooperatives
  15. Formation of Amul
  16. Starting and impact of Operation Flood
  17. Limitations of Co-operativization
  18. Development of land reforms in India between 1947 and early 1960’s
  19. Abolition of intermediaries
  20. Tenancy reforms
  21. Ceiling on land holdings
  22. Bhoodan Movement
  23. Aims and advantages of Bhoodan movement

THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRATIC ORDER

  1. The JP movement and Emergency 1975-77: Testing of Indian democracy tested
  2. Background to emergency (Economic context, Gujarat and Bihar movements, Conflict with Judiciary)                                                   
  3. Declaration of emergency (Crisis and Response)
  4. Controversies regarding emergency
  5. Lessons from emergency
  6. Politics after Emergency (LS elections 1977 and Janata Party)
  7. The Opposition: Initial years of BJP
  8. The Naxalite Movement
  9. Communalism
  10. Secularism and democracy
  11. Ayodhya dispute: Demolition and after
  12. Communalism and use of state power
  13. Revival and growth of communalism
  14. Anti-muslim riots in Gujarat
  15. The Punjab Crisis
  16. Operation Blue Star
  17. Demand of Khalistan
  18. Basis of Regionalism: Politics in the states
  19. Roots of tension
  20. Challenges of Regionalism
  21. Tamil Nadu (Dravidian Movement), Andhra Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal and J&K (external and internal disputes)                                                    
  22. Secessionist movement in North-Eastern states
  23. Accommodation and National Integration

THE INDIAN STATES

  • Policy of Equal Federation (1935-1947)
  • Plan of consolidation
  • Integration of Princely States: Junagadh, Kashmir and Hyderabad
  • Aftermath of Integration
  • Goa and Pondicherry
  • Tribal Integration
  • Roots of India Tribal Policy
  • Reasons for dismal performance of Tribal Policy
  • Positive Development happened due to state’s Initiative since 1947
  • Issue of language
  • The Official Language
  • Features of Official Language Act

INDIA’S EXTERNAL RELATIONS

  • Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy
  • Strategic Issues
  • Features of Indian Foreign Policy
  • Emergence of NAM and its Summits
  • Organizational structure & membership
  • India and its neighbours
  • India and China
  • India and Pakistan (Indo-Pak War, Kargil War, Shimla Agreement, Tashkent Declaration and Agra Summit)
  • India and Bangladesh (Creation of Bangladesh)
  • India and Sri Lanka
  • India with Nepal and Bhutan
  • India’s relations with USA and USSR during cold war
  • Analysis of Nehruvian Foreign Policy

POPULAR MOVEMENTS

  • Nature of Popular Movements
  • Environment Movements
  • Chipko Movement
  • Narmada Bachao Andalon (Sardar Sarovar Project, Debates and struggles)
  • Party based Movement and Non-party based movements
  • Caste, Untouchability, Anti-caste politics and strategies      
  • Issues of Dalit
  • Dalit panthers: Origin and their activities
  • Agrarian Struggles
  • Bharatiya Kisan Union: Growth and its characteristics
  • National Fish Worker’s Forum
  • Anti-Arrack Movement: Origin and its linkage
  • Indian Women since Independence
  • Lesson from popular movements

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIAN POLITICS

  • Context of the 1990s
  • Era of Coalition
  • Decline of Congress
  • Alliance politics
  • Political Rise of other Backward Classes
  • Mandal Implemented: The Mandal Commission
  • Political fallouts
  • NEP-1991, LPG policy, Tax reforms, Privatisation, Globalisation and ICT
  • Nuclear policy
  • Emergence of new consensus
  • LS Elections 2004
  • Terrorist troubles and relations with Pakistan

FRAMING OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

  • Evolution of the Constitution and main provisions
  • Steps to the Constitution
  • Constitutional Developments
  • The Indian Constitution: Main Provisions
  • The Constituent Assembly
  • Formation of the Constituent Assembly
  • Compulsions and Issues in front of Assembly

FROM COLONY TO DEMOCRACY

  • Challenge of building democracy
  • Challenges before ECI and conduction of first general election
  • Starting of one party dominance
  • Dominance of Congress System
  • Nature of Congress Dominance
  • 1967 elections
  • Split in the Congress
  • Emergence of Opposition Parties
  • Role of opposition parties
  • Various opposition parties

World History (Mains)

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  • Decline of feudalism
  • Beginning of Renaissance
  • Pre-industrial Europe
  • Factors that led to industrial revolution and its Impact

FRENCH REVOLUTION

  • Causes of the revolution in France
  • France under Napoleon
  • Impact and Significance of revolution

NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

  • Rise of the nation- state system
  • Unification of Italy and Germany

COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM

  • Colonialism and its Analysis
  • The age of Imperialism (1870-1914)
  • Imperialism in Asia

EMERGENCE OF USA

  • Foundation of American Colonies
  • The Independence of USA
  • The American Revolutionary War and its impact
  • Political Effects of the Revolution
  • How did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution?

WORLD WAR-I

 

  • Causes and Course of the war             
  • Consequences of World War I
  • Aftermath of World War I
  • League of Nations

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

  • Major events in pre-revolution Russia
  • Causes and Course of revolution
  • Consequences and Aftermath of the war
  • Post-Lenin Russia

INTER-WAR YEARS (1919 TO 1939)

  • The Great Depression- an economic perspective
  • Rise of Fascism in Italy & Nazism in Germany
  • Soviet Union (USSR)

WORLD WAR- II

  • Causes &Course of the war
  • Aftermath &Analysis of the war
  • Decolonization Phase

DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE EAST

  • Democratic reforms in Middle East
  • Arab nationalism
  • Israel and Palestine

COLD WAR ERA

  • Impact in India
  • Indian Policy

POST COLD-WAR WORLD

  • Global issues since 1991
  • Integration of Europe
  • Rise of global Islamic terrorism
  • Rise of China

COMMUNISM, SOCIALISM AND CAPITALISM

  • Capitalism (concept, types and example)
  • Communism (concept, types, example)
  • Relevance of capitalism in present era

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 08 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 08 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 08 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 08 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 07 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 07 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 07 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 07 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 CSAT Test 03 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 CSAT Test 03 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 03 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 CSAT Test 03 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

Geography-Optional-Syllabus

0

GS MICRO TOPICS

Share on facebook
Facebook
Share on twitter
Twitter
Share on linkedin
LinkedIn
Share on whatsapp
WhatsApp

:: GEOGRAPHY ::

Geography (Prelims)

GENERAL GEOGRAPHY

  • Universe
    • Theories of development of Universe
    • Galaxy
    • Star formation
    • Planet formation
    • Solar system
    • Moon
    • Asteroid
    • Meteor
    • Kupier belt
    • Comets
    • Dwarf planets
  • Earth Evolution
    • Geological History of Earth
    • Evolution of the Earth Layered Structure
      • Evolution of Lithosphere
      • Evolution of Atmosphere
      • Evolution of Hydrosphere
    • Latitude and Longitude including important Parallels and Meridians
    • Motions of the Earth – Rotation, Revolution and their effects
    • Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and its effects
    • Time Zones, Local and Standard Time and the International Date Line, Calendar
    • Eclipses – Solar, Lunar
    • Earth’s magnetic field
    • Earth’s Geological time scale
    • ORIGIN of LIFE

GEOMORPHOLOGY

  • Earth’s Interior
    • Interior of the Earth
      • Crust
      • Mantle
      • Core
    • Sources of Information
      • Direct
      • Indirect – Earth Quake Waves Volcanoes    
    • Theories – Suess Theory
  • Geology and Rock system
    • Minerals
    • Major Elements of the Earth’s Crust
      • Minerals – Feldspar, Quartz, Pyroxene Amphibole, Mica , Olivine
      • Physical Characteristics–Crystal Form, Cleavage Fracture, Lusture, Color, Streak
      • Transparency, Structure, Hardness, Specific Gravity
      • Metallic minerals – precious Ferrous, Non Ferrous
      • Non-metallic Minerals – Sulphur, Phosphates, Cement
    • Rocks (Aggregate of Minerals)
      • Petrology
      • Rocks & landforms
      • Rocks & Soils
      • 3 Family of Rocks
      • Igneous
      • Sedimentary
      • Metamorphic
  • Geomorphic Processes
    • Earth’s Surface
      • Exogenic Forces
      • Endogenic Forces
      • Gradation , Degradation & Agradation
    • Endogenic Forces
      • Diastrophism
      • Orogenic
      • Epierogenic
      • Earthquakes
      • Plate movements
      • Volcanism
    • Exogenic Forces
      • Denudation Processes
      • Weathering
      • Mass movements
      • Erosion Transportation & Deposition
  • Earthquakes and Volcanism
    • Earthquakes
      • Waves: P,S, Body, Surface,
      • Shadow Zone
      • Types of Earthquakes
      • Effects
      • Frequency
      • Locating an Epicentre
    • Volcanism
      • Types
        • Shield
        • Composite
        • Caldera
        • Flood Basalt
        • Mid Ocean Ridge
      • Landforms (intrusive)
        • Batholiths
        • Lacoliths
        • Lopoliths
        • Phacoliths
        • Sills
        • Dykes
  • Distribution of Continents & Oceans
    • Theories
    • Continental Drift Theory
      • Alfred Wegner
      • Pangea, Panthalasa
      • Laurasia, Gondwanaland
    • Evidence in support of Continental Drift Theory
      • Jigsaw Fit
      • Rocks of Same age across oceans
      • Tillite
      • Placer Deposits
      • Distribution of Fossils
    • Isostacy
    • Sea Floor Spreading
    • Forces of Drifting
      • Pole Fleeing Force
      • Tidal Force
    • Post Drift Studies
    • Convectional Current Theory
    • Mapping of the Ocean Floor
    • Plate Tectonics
      • Lithospheric Plates – Major Plate – Minor Plates
    • Plate Boundaries – Divergent – Convergent – Transform
    • Rates of Plate Movements
    • Force of plate movement
    • Indian Plate
  • Landforms and their evolution
    • Causes
      • Geomorphic Processes
      • Geomorphic Agents
    • Geomorphic Agent
      • Erosional or Destructional
      • Depositional or Constructional
    • Agents and their Impacts – Wind, Running Water, Ground Water, Glaciers, Waves & Currents
    • Winds
      • As agents in Hot deserts
      • Cause – Deflation Abrasion Impact
      • Erosional landforms
        • Pediments and Pediplains
        • Playas
        • Deflation Hollows and Caves
        • Mushroom , Table & Pedestal Rocks
    • Depositional Landforms
      • Barchans
      • Seif
      • Parabolic
      • Transverse
      • Longitudinal
    • Running Water
      • Erosional Landforms
        • Valleys
          • Rills
          • Gullies
          • Valleys – V Shape , Gorge (Hard Rocks), Canyon (Sedimentary)
        • Potholes & Plunge pools
        • Incised or entrenched meanders
        • River Terraces – paired & unpaired
      • Depositional Landforms
        • Alluvial Fans
        • Delta
        • Flood plains, Natural Levees, Point Bars
        • Meansders, Slip off bank, Under cut bank
        • Oxbow lake
        • Braided Channels
    • Ground Water (Karst Topography)
      • Permeable Rocks
        • Percolation
        • Bedding Plains
    • Limestone and Dolomite Regions
      • Balkans , Adjacent to Adriatic regions
    • Erosional Landforms
      • Pools – Swallow Hole, Valley Sinks (Uvalas), Sinkholes, Collapse sinks (Dolines), Lapies, Ridges, Limestone Pavements
      • Caves – Altering bed of Rocks (Shale sandstone quartzit, Caves and Tunnels
    • Depositional landforms
      • Stalactites
      • Stalagmites
      • Pillar Columns
    • Glaciers
      • Erosional Landforms
        • Cirque of Tarn Lakes
        • Hors and Serrated Regions – Arete
        • Glacial Valleys / Troughs – Fiords
      • Depositional Landforms
        • Glacial Tills
        • Moraines
        • Eskers
        • Outwash Planes
        • Drumlins
    • Waves and Currents
      • High Rocky Coasts &
        Low Sedimentary Coasts
      • Erosional Landforms
        • Cliffs
        • Terraces
        • Caves
        • Stacks
      • Depositional Landforms
        • Beaches and Dunes
        • Bars, Barriers, Spits
    • Weathering
      • Factors
        • Geological
        • Climatic
        • Topograhic
        • Vegetative
      • Major Processes
        • Chemical
        • Physical or Mechanical
        • Biological
      • Chemical – Forces Chemical Action
        • Solution
        • Carbonation
        • Hydration
        • Oxidation & Reduction
      • Physical Forces Gravitational, Expansion, Water Pressure
        • Unloading & Expansion
        • Temperature changes and Expansion
        • Freezing, Thawing, & Frost Wedging
        • Salt Weathering
    • Biological Weathering
      • Burrowing
      • Wedging
      • Plant Roots
    • Effects of Weathering
      • Exfoliation (Flakin) – Exfoliation Domes
    • Significance of Weathering
      • Soil Formation
      • Biomes and Biodiversity
      • Leaching / Enrichment
    • Mass Movements
      • Activating causes
      • Forms of movement – Heave Flow Slide
  • Landforms across the world
    • Rivers and lakes (Factual)
    • Mountain and Peaks (Factual)
    • Plateaus (Factual)

OCEANOGRAPHY

  • Hydroshpere
    • Water on the Surface of the Earth
    • Hydrological Cycle
      • Component
      • Processes
  • Submarine Relief Features
    • Oceans
    • Relief of the Ocean floor
    • Divisions of the ocean floor
      • Continental Shelf
      • Continental Slope
      • Deep sea plain
      • Oceanic deep and Trenches
  • Minor relief features
    • Mid oceanic ridges
    • Seamount
    • Submarine canyons
    • Guyouts
    • Volcanic Islands
    • Fracture Zones
    • Hotspots
    • Coral Islands
    • Atoll
  • Temperature and Salinity
    • Temperature of the Ocean Water
      • Vertical
      • Spatial
      • Factors affecting Temperature distribution
        • Latitude
        • Unequal distribution of land & Water
        • Prevailing wind
        • Ocean Currents
        • Horizontal & Vertical Distribution
  • Salinity of the Ocean Water
    • Factors affecting salinity
      • Evaporation and precipitation
      • Fresh water flow from rivers
      • Ocean currents
        • Horizontals distribution of salinity
        • Vertical Distribution of salinity
    • Density of Ocean Waters
  • Waves, Ocean Currents, Tides
    • Movements of ocean Water                
    • Factors influencing Movement
      • Temperature
      • Salinity
      • Density
    • Motion – Horizontal and Vertical Currents
    • Waves
      • Motion of waves and water molecules
      • Characteristics of wave
      • Crest and Trough
      • Height
      • Amplitude
      • Period
      • Length
      • Speed
      • Frequency
    • Tides
      • Relation between Gravitational Forces and Tides
      • Tidal currents
      • Types of Tides
        • Based on Frequency – Semi Diurnal, Diurnal, mixed
        • Based on SME position – spring and Neap Tides
      • Importance of Tides
    • Ocean Currents
      • Primary Force that initiates the movement
        • Heating of solar energy
        • Wind
        • Gravity
        • Coriolis force
      • Secondary force that influence the currents to flow
      • Types of ocean currents:
        • Surface currents & Deep water currents based on Depth
        • Cold and Warm Currents based on Temperature
      • Major Ocean currents of the World
      • Effects of Ocean Currents
  • Marine Resources
    • Underground water resource
    • Surface water resources
    • Inland water resources: Utilization of inland water resources
    • Oceanic Water Resources (Marine Resource)
    • Utilization of oceans by man
    • Water consumption patterns
    • Conservation of Water Resources
    • Techniques of Water Conservation
  • Ocean Deposits and Corals
    • Terrigenous Deposits
    • Volcanic Deposits
    • Biotic deposits
      • Neritic
      • Pelagic ( Calcereous , Siliceous )
    • Abiotic Deposits
    • Coral Reefs
    • Great Barrier Reef

CLIMATOLOGY

  • Atmosphere
    • Composition
    • Gases
    • Water Vapour
    • Dust Particles
    • Structure
    • Exosphere
    • Thermosphere
    • Mesosphere
    • Stratosphere
    • Troposphere
    • Altitude vs. Temperature
  • Inversion of Temperature
    • Temperature
    • Factors controlling Temp distribution
    • Distribution of Temp Month of January-July
    • Range of Temp Month of January-July
    • Inversion of Temperature
  • Insolation and Heat Budget
    • Solar Radiation Heat Balance Temperature Insolation
    • Aphelion and Perihelion
    • Variability of Insolation at the surface of the Earth
      • Day Season Year
      • Rotation on Axis, Angle of Inclination of sun rays, Length of the day
      • Transparency of Atmosphere, configuration of land in terms of its aspect.
    • Heat Balance
    • Heating and cooling of atmosphere
      • Conduction
      • Convection
      • Advection
    • Terrestrial Radiation
    • Heat Budget of the Planet Earth
    • Macro Budget
      • Albedo
      • Shortwave Radiation
      • Long wave Earth Radiation
    • Variation in the net Heat Budget at the Earth’s Surface
  • Winds and Pressure belts
    • Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
    • Atmospheric Pressure
    • Vertical variation of pressure
    • Horizontal distribution of pressure
    • World Distribution of Sea Level Pressure
    • Factors affecting the velocity and direction of the Wind
    • Pressure Gradient Force
    • Frictional Force
    • Coriolis Force
    • Pressure and Wind (Cyclonic & Anticyclone Circulation)
    • General Circulation of the Atmosphere – Pattern of Planetary Winds
    • Latitudinal Variation of Atmospheric Heating
    • Emergence of Pressure Belts
    • Migration of Belts Following apparent Path of Sun
    • Distribution of continents & Oceans
    • Rotation of the Earth
    • Circulation
    • Simplified Global Circulation – Hadley Cell , Ferrel Cell
    • Seasonal Wind
    • Local Wind
    • Land and Sea Breezes
    • Mountain and Valley Winds
  • Air Mass, Fronts, Cyclones and Jet Stream
    • Air mass & fronts
    • Cyclones
    • Thunderstorms
    • Tornadoes
    • Monsoons
    • Fronts
  • Precipitation
    • Water in the Atmosphere
    • Water Vapour
    • Precipitation
    • Humidity – Absolute and Relative
    • Saturation – Dew Point
    • Evaporation and Condensation
    • Dew
    • Frost
    • Fog & Mist
    • Clouds
      • Types – Cirrus, Cumulus, Stratus, Nimbus
      • High – Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus
      • Middle – Altostratus, Altocumulus
      • Low – Stratocumulus, Nimbostratus
    • Vertical Development – Cumulus and Cumulonimbus
    • Precipitation
    • Rainfall, Snowfall, Sleet Hail, Hailstones
    • Types of Rainfall
    • Conventional
    • Orographic
    • Cyclonic
    • World Distribution of Rainfall
  • Climatic Zones of the World
    • Koppene’s Classification Climatic Zones
    • World Climate
    • The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate
    • The Tropical Monsoon and Tropical Marine Climates
    • The Savanna or Sudan Climate
    • The Hot Desert and Mid-Latitude Desert Climates
    • The Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate
    • The Temperate Continental (Steppe Climate)
    • The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin  (China Type Climate)
    • The Cool Temperate Western Margin (British Type Climate)
    • The Cool Temperate Continental (Siberian) Climate
    • The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin (Lauren-tian) Climate
    • The Arctic or Polar Climate

BIO-GEOGRAPHY

  • Soil Characteristics
    • Soil Characteristics
    • Factors Responsible for Soil Formation
    • Stages of Soil Formation
    • Soil Forming Processes
    • Soil Profiles and Horizons
    • Soil Classification
    • Soil Erosion and Conservation
  • Vegetation resources
    • Types of natural vegetation
    • Forests
    • Significance of forests
    • Economic significance, Ecological significance
    • Cultural significance
    • Factors of forest development
    • Extent of forest cover
    • Classification of forests
    • Grasslands
    • Desert vegetation
    • Tundra Vegetation
    • Economic utilization of forests
    • Deforestation
    • Deforestation in tropical forests
    • Deforestation in temperate forests
    • Rate and extent of deforestation
    • Causes and factors of deforestation: Immediate causes of deforestation
    • Indirect deforestation
    • Underlying causes of deforestation
    • Conservation of forests
    • Forest conservation strategies
    • Reforestation
    • Monoculture plantation
    • Afforestation
    • Types of forestry
    • Social forestry
    • Agro-forestry

HUMAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD

  • Demography and Census
    • Concept of human resources
    • Factors affecting the distribution of Population
      • Geographical Factors
        • Availability of water
        • Landforms
        • Climate
        • Soils
      • Economic Factors
        • Minerals
        • Urbanisation
        • Industrialisation
        • Socio-cultural factors
    • Population Growth
        • Growth of Population
        • Growth Rate of Population
        • Natural growth of Population
        • Positive Growth of Population
        • Negative Growth of Population
    • Components of Population change
      • Crude Birth Rate
      • Crude Death Rate
      • Migration – Place of Origin and Place of Destination
      • Immigration
      • Emigration
      • Push Factors and Pull Factors
    • Trends in Population Growth
    • Doubling time of world population
    • Spatial pattern of Population change
    • Impact of Population Change
    • Demographic Transition
      • Demographic Transition Theory
      • Demographic Cycle
    • Theories of population growth
      • Malthusian theory
      • Marxian theory
      • Demographic Transition Theory
      • Optimum population
      • Over-population
      • Under-population
    • Population Control Measures
    • World population distribution, Density and Growth
      • Continent-wide distribution of population
      • Pattern of population density globally
      • Population increase in the world
    • Population Composition
        • Sex composition
          • Sex Ratio
          • Natural Advantage vs Social Advantage
        • Age Structure
          • Age – sex Pyramid
          • Expanding Populations
          • Constant Population
          • Declining Popoulation
        • Literacy – literacy Rate
        • Rural Urban Composition
        • Occupational Structure
        • Religion based Composition
    • Population problems
      • Population problems of developing countries
      • Population problems of developed countries
      • Population Policies: of China, of India
    • Census 2011
      • Census Terminologies
      • Census of India important information
  • Human Development
    • Growth vs Development
    • The four pillars of Development
      • Equity
      • Sustainability
      • Productivity
      • Empowerment
    • Approaches to Human Development
    • Measuring Human Development
      • Income Approach
      • Welfare Approach
      • Basic Needs Approach
      • Capability Approach
    • Internation Comparisions of Human Development
  • Economic Activities
    • Primary Activities
      • Hunting and Gathering Pastoralism
      • Nomadic Herding
      • Commercial livestock Rearing
      • Agriculture
        • Subsistence Agriculture
        • Primitive Subsistence Agriculture
        • Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
        • Planation Agriculture
        • Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation
        • Mixed Farming
        • Dairy Farming
        • Mediterranean Agriculture
        • Viticulture
        • Market Gardening and Horticulture – Truck Farming
        • Cooperative Farming
        • Collective Farming
      • Mining
        • Factors affecting Mining
        • Methods of Mining – Open Cast and underground mining
    • Secondary Activities
      • Manufacturing
      • Characteristics of Modern large scale Manufacturing
      • Specialisation of Skills/ methods of Production, Mechanisation  – Technological Innovation 
      • Access to market, Access to labour Supply, Access to Sources of Energy, Access to Transportaion and communication Facilities
      • Government Policy
    • Classification of Manufacturing Industries
      • Industries based on size
        • Small Scale manufacturing
        • Large Scale manufacturing
      • Industries based on Inputs/Raw Materials
        • Agro Based industries
        • Mineral Based Industries
        • Chemical based Industries
        • Forest based Raw material using industries
        • Animal Based industries
      • Industries based on Output/Product
      • Industries based on ownership
    • Tertiary, Quaternary and Quinary Activities                
      • Types of Tertiary Activities
        • Retail trading
        • Trade and commerce
        • Wholesale Trading
        • Transport
        • Communication
        • Services
      • People engaged in tertiary Activities
        • Tourism
        • Medical Services
        • Quaternary Activities
        • Quinary Activities
      • Concept of Digital Divide
  • Transport and Communication
    • Transport
      • Modes of Transportation
      • Land Transport
      • Roads
      • Railways
      • Water Transport
      • Sea Routes
      • Inland Waterways
      • Air Transport
      • Pipelines
    • Communications
      • Satellite communication
      • Cyber space internet
  • International Trade
    • History of international Trade
    • Basis of International Trade
      • Difference in national resources
      • Population Factors
      • Stage of Economic Development
      • Extent of Foreign Investment
      • Transport
    • Important aspects of International Trade
      • Volume of Trade
      • Composition of Trade
      • Direction of Trade
      • Balance of Trade
    • Types of International Trade
    • Case of Free Trade
    • WTO – World Trade Organisation and Regional Trade Blocs
    • Gateways of International Trade
      • Ports
      • Industrial Ports
      • Commercial Ports
      • Comprehensive Ports
      • Inland Ports
      • Out Ports
      • Oil Ports
      • Port of call
      • Packet station
      • Entrepot Ports
      • Naval Ports
  • Settlement
    • Types and Patterns of settlements
      • Compact of Nucleated Settlements
      • Dispersed settlement
    • Rural Settlements                                   
      • Factors affecting location of rural settlements
      • Patterns of Rural settlements
    • Urban Settlements
      • Classification of Urban Settlements
      • Factors affecting location of rural settlements
      • Functions of Urban Centre
      • Classification of Towns on the basis of Forms
      • Types of Urban Settlements
        • Town, City, Conurbation, Megalopolis, Million City
    • Issues of Urbanization in India
    • Rural Urban Migration
    • Emergence of Slums
    • Inclusive Cities/Smart cities

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

  • Physiography of India
    • Geological Region
    • Location
    • Physiographic Sub-Units
      • Himalayans
      • Northern Plains
      • Peninsular Plateau
      • Thar Desert
      • Coastal Plain
      • The Islands
    • Mountain System
      • Classification of The Himalayan System
      • Regional Division of the Himalaya
    • The Peninsular – Peninsular Plateaus
    • Plains – Northern Plains of India          
    • Lakes
    • Deserts
    • Indian Coasts and Islands
  • Drainage System
    • Classification of Drainage
    • Himalayan Drainage
    • Indus river system
    • Indus drainage system
    • Ganga River System
    • Brahmaputra river system
    • Peninsular River System
    • East flowing Rivers
    • West flowing Rivers
    • Mains Rivers and their tributaries
    • Famous cities and river banks
  • Climate
    • Factors influencing the climate of India
    • Monsoon
    • Mechanism of the Monsoon
      • Classical Theory
      • Modern theory
      • Air mass theory
      • Jet stream theory
    • EL NINO and LA NINA
    • Seasonal rhythm
    • Koppen’s Climatic classification
    • Indian Droughts and Floods
  • Soils in India
    • Soil Acidity
    • Soil textures
    • Minerals of Soil
    • Soil Erosion
    • Soil Conservation
  • Natural Vegetation
    • Vegetation
    • Mangroves
    • Distribution of Forest Area
    • Forest Problems in India
  • Population
    • Size, growth rate and distribution of population
    • India in World Population
    • Demographic transition
    • Census in India
    • Ranking of States and Union
    • Territories by population: 2001 & 2011
    • Population Growth Rates
    • Population: States and UT
    • Decadal growth rate
    • National Population Policy                   
    • Density of population
    • Literacy
    • Literacy in major states
    • Literacy rate in India: 1951-2011
    • Ranking of States and UTs by 206 literacy rate: 2011
    • Gender composition of the Population
    • Trends in Sex Ratio in India
    • Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 yrs
    • Sex ratio of age 7 years and above population
    • Old Age People
    • Health Indicators
  • Settlements and Urbanization
    • Rural Settlements
    • Factors affecting settlement patterns
    • Settlement types
    • Urbanization
    • Urban Agglomeration / Cities
  • Land Resource
    • Land-use
    • Land capability classification
    • Causes of Land Degradation
    • Impact of Land Degradation
    • Steps taken by GOI
    • Sustainable Land Management
  • Mineral Resource
    • Types of minerals: Metallic minerals
    • Non-metallic mineral
    • Distribution of minerals and mining regions
    • Distribution, production and international trade of Metallic minerals: Ferrous metals: Iron ore
    • Ferro-alloys and non-ferrous
    • Manganese
    • Chromium
    • Nickel
    • Tungsten
    • Antimony
    • Copper
    • Bauxite and Aluminium
    • Zinc; Lead
    • Tin
    • Gold
    • Silver
    • Platinum
    • Mineral chemicals
    • Mica
    • Potash
    • Phosphate
    • Nitrates
    • Sulphur
    • Conservation of mineral resources
  • Energy Resources
    • Classification of energy
    • Production of conventional energy
    • General trends of energy production and consumption
    • Reserves and sources of energy
    • Coal
    • Nature and origin of coal
    • Constituents and kinds of coal
    • Coal fields and coal production
    • Byproducts of coal
    • Conservation of Coal
    • Petroleum
    • Nature and properties of petroleum
    • Origin and recovery
    • Exploration
    • Petroleum refining
    • Petroleum reserves
    • Producing areas
    • Consumption of petroleum
    • International trade
    • OPEC and its role in oil trade
    • Natural gas: Reserves and Production
    • Hydro-electricity
    • Advantages of hydro-electricity
    • Ideal conditions for generation of hydro-electricity
    • Distribution of potential hydro-power
    • Hydro-electric power generation in India
    • Atomic (nuclear) energy
    • Atomic: source minerals: Uranium
    • World distribution of Uranium
    • Production of Uranium
    • Thorium
    • Production of Atomic (Nuclear) Energy
    • Nuclear Energy
    • Alternative (non-conventional) sources of energy
    • Solar energy
    • Wind energy
    • Geothermal power
    • Tidal energy
    • Wave energy
    • Biomass energy
  • Agriculture Basic Terminologies
    • Performance of the agriculture sector
    • Types of farming in India
    • Dry zone farming
    • Organic farming
    • Cropping seasons in India
    • Cropping Pattern in India
    • Agriculture regionalization
    • Infrastructure factors: Seeds; Fertilizers; Irrigation
    • Land use pattern in India
    • Institutional Factors as land reform
    • Horticulture sector in India
    • Agricultural revolutions
    • Agricultural labours
    • Price Policy for Agriculture
    • Agricultural marketing
    • Agricultural Insurance
    • Agricultural Census
    • Major schemes in agricultural sector
    • National Policy for farmers
    • Impact of climate change on agriculture
    • What is sustainable agriculture?
    • Use of IT in agriculture
    • Agriculture Issues and Challenges
  • Recent Developments in Agriculture Field
    • NITI Aayog proposed the idea of taxation of agricultural income
    • Removing agricultural commodities from the essential commodities Act: NITI Aayog
    • Feminization of Agriculture
    • e-auction portal : e-Rakam for selling agricultural produce
    • “AGRI-UDAAN” – Food and agri-business acceleration 2.0 to bring startup revolution
    • APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food  Products Export Development Authority Act)
    • SMAM (Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization)
    • Jute-ICARE Project
    • Project CHAMAN
    • Doubling the farmers income: Ashok Dalwai Committee
    • RKVY-RAFTAAR
    • Agro Irradiation Centers
    • Agricultural Marketing and Farm Friendly Reforms Index
    • National Food Security Act
    • Digitization and Agriculture
    • Direct Benefit Transfer in Fertilizer Sector
    • Draft Regulation on Fortification of Foods
    • Law Commission Recommendation on Food Laws
    • Concept of Modern Terminal Markets
    • Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries
    • e-Pashuhaat Portal
    • Schemes of Bio-Tech Kisan and Cattle Genomics
    • RashtriyaGokul Mission
    • Mission Fingerling
    • Ornamental Fishing
    • Agricultural Science Congress
    • RubSiS
    • Ethanol Blending
    • National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
    • Amendments to the NABARD Act, 1981
    • Revenue Insurance Scheme for Plantation Crops
    • Neem Coating of Urea
    • National Agriculture Market
  • Productivity of Crops and conditions for growth
    • Wheat
      • Conditions of growth
      • Varieties
      • Types of cultivation
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
    • Rice
      • Conditions of growth
      • Varieties
      • Methods of cultivation
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
    • Maize (Corn)
      • Conditions of growth
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
    • Barley
      • Conditions of growth
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
    • Oats
    • Rye
    • Beverages
    • Tea
      • Condition of growth
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
    • Coffee
      • Types of coffee
      • Conditions of growth
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
    • Cocoa
      • Conditions of growth
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
    • Tobacco
      • Conditions of growth
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
    • Fibre Crops
    • Cotton
      • Varieties of cotton
      • Conditions of growth
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
    • Jute
      • Conditions of growth
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
    • Substitutes of Jute: Flax, Hemp
      • Raw Silk
      • Production pattern
    • States
    • Natural Rubber
      • Other sources of rubber
      • Plantations in South-east Asia
      • Production pattern
    • Sugarcane
      • Conditions of growth
      • Production pattern
      • International trade
      • Sugarbeet—Conditions of growth
      • Production pattern
      • Sugar industry
      • Sugar consumption
      • International trade.
  • Industry
      • Industrial development
      • Iron and Steel Industry
      • Location of iron and steel industry
      • Development of iron manufacture
      • Distribution of iron and steel industry
      • Global steel production
      • International trade in Steel
      • Textile Industry
      • Cotton Textile Industry: Location of the industry
      • Recent trends in localization
      • Distribution and production of cotton textiles
      • Woollen textile industry: Location of the industry
      • Silk textile industry: Raw silk manufacture
      • Silk textile manufacturing
      • Synthetic (artificial) silk industry
      • Distribution of man-made fibre and fabrics
      • Engineering Industries
      • Machine tools and machines: Areas of production
      • Industrial machinery: Textile machinery
      • Agricultural machinery
      • Manufacturing of transport equipment
      • Automobile industry
      • Shipbuilding
      • Aircrafts Industry
      • Fertilizer industry: Nitrogen fertilizers
      • Phosphate fertilizers
      • Potash fertilizers
      • Agro-industries
      • Synthetic rubber industry
      • Pulp and paper industry: Essential conditions for pulp production
      • Production of paper and paper board
      • Newsprint
      • Cement industry
      • Distribution of cement industry
      • Recent trends: Main global competitors
      • Petroleum refining industry: Localization
      • Site selection of petroleum refineries
      • History of oil refineries
      • World pattern of oil refining
      • Petroleum products
      • Industrial Regions
      • Characteristics of industrial regions
      • Delimitation of an industrial region
      • Principal intrial regions of the world
      • Industrial regions of Anglo America—USA, Canada, Western Europe and Central Britain, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Italy, Eastern Europe, Poland, Former USSR
      • Eastern Asia—Japan, China, the ‘Dragons’, India, High tech patterns.
  • Transport
      • Importance and development of transport
      • Means of transport
      • Transport costs and economic distance
      • Operating costs in transport
      • Relative importance of means of transport: Railways, Roads, Pipeline, Oceans, Air transport
      • Profits and freight rates
      • Government’s transport policy
      • Ocean transport routes
      • Inland waterways
      • Main regions of inland waterways
      • Railways: Factors affecting the railroads
      • Distribution of railroads in the world
      • Air transport: Factors influencing air transport
      • Air transport in various continents
      • Pipeline transport
      • Petroleum (oil) pipelines
      • Gas pipelines
  • Recent Development in Transport Sector
      • Rural electrifi cation corporation: First green bond
      • Time and costs over runs of infrastructure projects
      • India’s First Mega Coastal Economic Zone (CEZ) to come up in Maharashtra
      • Logistic sector gets infrastructure status
      • AIIB approves $150 million for India infrastructure fund
      • Ro-Ro Ferry service
      • Bharatmala project for construction of 24,000 km of highway connecting Western and Eastern part
      • Union Ministry of shipping is planning
        to expand Logistics Data Bank (LDB)
      • Railways India Development Fund
      • National Infrastructure Investment Fund
      • Defence Innovation Fund
      • Flexi Fare Method in Railway
      • Rail Cadre Management
      • TRI-NETRA in Railways
      • National Rail Plan 2030
      • India’s First Caterpillar Train
      • Green corridor concept
      • Made in India ‘Medha’ train
      • Antyodaya Express
      • Smart Railway Station
      • Yatri Mitra Seva
      • National Highways Interconnectivity
      • Vehicle Fleet Modernization Programme
      • Transit Oriented Development Policy
      • Logistic Effi ciency Enhancement Programme
      • Indian Bridge Management System
      • National Road Safety Policy
      • TARANG
      • E-trans
      • DEEP (Discovery of Efficient Electricity Pric
      • GARV II APP
      • Trading of Energy Saving Certifi cates
      • Powers for all 24×7
      • Draft National Electricity Plan
      • Habitat Commitment Index
  • Recent developments in Industrial Sector
      • Disinvestment of PSUs
      • Report titled “India’s Labor Market: A New Emphasis on Gainful Employment
      • Wage code Bill in line of recommendations of 2nd National Commission on Labor
      • CAR for the operation of Drones in India.
      • Draft Evaluation template for the star rating of Minor Minerals
      • Online database containing GIS-Enabled portal Maps land related information
      • Chennai-Bangalore Industrial Corridor
      • Apex Corridor Developmental Authority
      • Tamra Portal
      • Mining Surveillance System
      • Coal Mitra
      • M-SIPS for Electronic Sector
      • Indian Enterprise Development Service
      • Trade Receivables Discounting System
      • SME Business Environment Index

WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

  • Continents Countries and Cities
    • Continents and Important Cities of the World
    • Important Cities Situated on the Banks of Rivers
    • Changed Names of Some Cities, States, and Countries
    • Distinctive Names of Countries/Towns— Geographical Epithets
    • Regional Grouping of Countries of the World
    • Economic Classification of Countries of the World
  • Location in NEWS
    • Govardhan Eco village
    • City livability index
    • Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat
    • Yethinahole Project
    • SMARTGRAM
    • Kaladan project in Myanmar
    • Doklam plateau
    • Gilgit-Ballistan
    • SCO Summit-Astana
    • Bosporus strait
    • Nathu-La
    • Lisbon
    • Mahadayi tribunal
    • Jaravas
    • Bengaluru declaration
    • SASEC road connectivity
    • Doklam
    • dams bottom trawling
    • Hambantota Port
    • World Petroleum Congress, Turkey
    • Kaleshwaram project
    • Mega food park in Kapurthala
    • Assam’s disturbed area tag
    • North Koel project
    • BIMSTEC
    • Conservation of Pagodas to Bagan
    • Bridge over Mechi River
    • Pangong Lake
    • World’s most liveable city
    • Asia Africa Corridor
    • Xiamen declaration
    • Sir Creek
    • Chakma, Majong Refugees Rohingya
    • Cleanest Iconic place Meenakshi temple
    • OBOR
    • Hambantota
    • Chahbahar Port
    • Gwadar Port
    • National Waterway – 4
    • Polavaram project
    • UNESCO creative cities network
    • Singapore Changi Naval base
    • India in Antarctica
    • Concept of Resilient Cities
    • Sericulture
    • Blizzards
    • New tectonic plate discovered
    • Report on Palaeo Channel of North West India
    • Cyclones in News

Physical Geography: World & India (Mains)

GENERAL GEOGRAPHY

  • Universe
    • Theories of evolution of Universe
    • Star Formation
    • Formation of planets
  • Earth Evolution& Basics
    • Evolution of Earth
    • Evolution of Atmosphere
    • Evolution of Hydrosphere
    • Earth’s Geological time scale
    • Origin of life
    • The Earth’s Movements-Revolution and Rotation and Seasons
    • Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and its ffects

GEOMORPHOLOGY

  • Earth’s Interior
    • Sources of Information about the Interior (Direct Sources, Indirect Sources – Earth Quake Wave, Volcanoes)                                
    • Structure of the Earth’s Interior
    • Mechanical and Chemical categorization of internal structure
  • Geology and Rock System
    • Minerals
    • Major Elements of the Earth’s Crust
      • Physical Characteristics
      • Classification –
    • Rocks ( Aggregate of Minerals )
      • Classification
      • Igneous
      • Sedimentary
      • Metamorphic
    • Rocks & landforms
    • Rocks & Soils
  • Geomorphic Processes
    • Endogenic Forces
      • Diastrophism
      • Orogenic
      • Epierogenic
      • Earthquakes
      • Plate movements
      • Volcanism
    • Exogenic Forces
      • Denudation Processes
      • Weathering & its Significance
      • Mass movements & their impact
      • Erosion Transportation & Deposition
  • Earthquakes and Volcanism
      • Earthquakes: Reasons, Distribution & impact
      • Volcanism
        • Types and distribution of Volcanoes
        • Volcanic Landforms (intrusive)
  • Distribution of Continents & Oceans
    • Theories
      • Continental Drift Theory
      • Convectional Current Theory
      • Mapping of the Ocean Floor
      • Sea Floor Spreading
      • Plate Tectonics
    • Isostasy
  • Landforms and their evolution
    • Causesof landform development
      • Geomorphic Processes
      • Geomorphic Agents
    • Geomorphic Agents and Landforms
      • Running Water
      • Development of a river System
      • Erosional Landforms
      • Depositional Landforms
    • Ground Water (Karst Topography)
      • Erosional Landforms
      • Depositional landforms
    • Glaciers
      • Erosional Landforms
      • Depositional Landforms
    • Waves and Currents
    • Winds
      • Erosional Landforms
      • Depositional Landforms
    • Landforms across the world
      • Rivers and lakes
      • Mountain and Peaks
      • Plateaus

OCEANOGRAPHY

  • Hydrosphere
    • Water on the Surface of the Earth
    • Hydrological Cycle
  • Submarine Relief Features
    • Relief of the Ocean floor
    • Divisions of the ocean floor
    • Minor relief features
  • Temperature and Salinity
    • Temperature of the Ocean Water
    • Factors affecting Temperature distribution
    • Horizontal and Vertical Distribution
  • Salinity of the Ocean Water
    • Factors affecting salinity
    • Horizontals distribution of salinity
    • Vertical Distribution of salinity
  • Density of Ocean Waters
  • Movements of Ocean Water
  • Factors influencing Movement
  • Waves
    • Motion of waves
    • Characteristics of wave
  • Tides
    • Types of Tides
    • Importance of Tides
  • Ocean Currents
    • Characteristics of Ocean Currents
    • Types of ocean currents:
    • Major Ocean currents of the World
    • Effects of Ocean Currents
  • Marine Resources
    • Surface water resources
    • Ground water resources
    • Inland water resources
    • Oceanic Water Resources (Marine Resource)
    • Utilization of oceans by man
    • Water consumption patterns
    • Water Conservation and Management (Techniques)
  • Ocean Deposits and Corals
    • Terrigenous Deposits
    • Volcanic Deposits
    • Biotic deposits
    • Abiotic Deposits
    • Coral Reefs
      • Probable origin of Coral Reef
      • Types and significance of Coral Reef
      • Issue of Coral Bleaching

CLIMATOLOGY

  • Atmosphere
    • Composition of the Atmosphere
    • Structure of the Atmosphere
  • Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature
    • Solar Radiation and Isolation
    • Heating and cooling of atmosphere
    • Terrestrial Radiation
    • Heat Budget of the Planet Earth
    • Temperature
    • Factors Controlling Temperature Distribution
    • Distribution of Temperature
  • Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
    • Atmospheric Pressure
    • Vertical variation of pressure
    • Horizontal distribution of pressure
    • World Distribution of Sea Level Pressure
    • Factors affecting the velocity and direction of the Wind
    • General Circulation of the Atmosphere – Pattern of Planetary Winds
    • Latitudinal Variation of Atmospheric
      Heating
    • Emergence of Pressure Belts
    • Hadley Cell , Ferrel Cell, Polar Cell
    • Seasonal Wind
    • Local Wind
    • Land and Sea Breezes
    • Mountain and Valley Winds
    • Air Mass, Fronts, Cyclones and Jet Stream
      • Air mass & fronts
      • Cyclones
      • Thunderstorms
      • Tornadoes
  • Water in the Atmosphere
      • Water Vapour
      • Humidity – Absolute and Relative
      • Saturation – Dew Point
      • Evaporation and Condensation
        • Dew
        • Frost
        • Fog & Mist
        • Clouds
      • Precipitation
        • Rainfall
        • Snowfall
        • Sleet Hail
        • Hailstones
        • Types of Rainfall
        • World Distribution of Rainfall
  • Climatic Zones of the World
    • World Climate
    • Koeppen’s Scheme of Classification of Climate            
    • Climatic Zones of World

BIO-GEOGRAPHY

  • Soil & Its Characteristics
    • Soil Characteristics
    • Factors Responsible for Soil Formation
    • Process of Soil Formation
    • Soil Profiles and Horizons
    • Classification of Soil
    • Soil Degradation, Erosion and Conservation
  • Vegetation resources
    • Types of natural vegetation
    • Forests
      • Significance of forests
      • Factors of forest development
      • Classification of forests
      • forest cover
    • Grasslands
    • Desert vegetation
    • Tundra Vegetation
    • Deforestation
    • Conservation of forests
    • Reforestation
    • Afforestation
    • Forestry
      • Social forestry
      • Agro-forestry
      • Farm Forestry
      • Community Forestry

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

  • Physiography of India
    • Location
    • Geopolitical Significance of India
    • Geological Divisions
      • The Peninsular Block
      • The Himalayas and other Peninsular Mountains
      • Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain
      • Physiographic Divisions
  • Drainage System
      • Drainage Patterns
      • Drainage System of India
      • Himalayan Drainage System
        • River Systems of Himalayan Drainage
        • Indus river system
        • Ganga River System
        • Brahmaputra river system
      • Peninsular Drainage System
        • River Systems of Peninsular Drainage
        • Small Rivers Flowing Towards East and West
  • Climate
    • Factors influencing the climate of India
    • Monsoon
    • Mechanism of the Monsoon
      • Classical Theory
      • Modern theory
      • Air mass theory
      • Jet stream theory
    • ELNINO and LANINA & their impact
    • The rhythm of Seasons        
      • The cold weather season
      • The hot weather season
      • The southwest monsoon season
      • The retreating monsoon season
    • Climatic Regions of India
  • Soils in India
      • Classification of Soils
      • Soil textures
      • Issue of Soil degradation & Soil Erosion
      • Soil Conservation
  • Natural Vegetation
    • Types of Forests in India
    • Forest Cover in India
    • Forest Conservation
    • Forest Problems in India

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

  • Floods and Droughts  
  • Forest fires
  • Deforestation
  • Desertification
  • Pollution
  • Climate Change and Global Warming

Physical Geography: World & India (Mains)

BASICS OF ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

  • Definition, Development and scope of Economic Geography
  • Type of Economic Activities
    • Primary Activities
    • Secondary Activities
    • Tertiary, Quaternary and Quinary Activities                
  • Recent Themes and Concepts in Economic Geography
  • Agglomeration Economies
  • Neo-liberalism
  • Rise of macro regional Economic block
  • Ethnicity in Economic Geography
  • Concept of digital divide

RESOURCE

  • Land Resource
    • Land-use Pattern and changes
    • Problems of Land Resources:
      • Land Degradation: Causes and Impact
      • Concept of Land Degradation Neutrality
    • Land Use Planning and Policy
  • Water Resources
    • Extent of Water Resources
    • Water Resource Potential of India
    • Utilization and related problems (Pollution)
    • Inter- state water disputes in India
    • Water management, conservation and Development
    • National Water Policy
  • Mineral Resources
    • Types of Mineral Resources
    • Distribution Pattern of Minerals in World
    • Major Mineral Belts of India
    • Problems related to mining
    • Conservation of Mineral Resources
    • National Mineral Policy, 2019
  • Energy resources
    • Classification of Energy Resources
    • Distribution and production trend of major energy Resources
      • Coal
      • Petroleum
      • Natural gas
    • Strategic Oil Reserves
    • Exploration of Coal Bed Methane
    • Non-Conventional Energy Resources
      • Solar Energy
      • Wind Energy
      • Geothermal
    • Nuclear Energy Resources: Challenges and prospects in India
  • Recent Debates on Resources
    • Geopolitics of Natural Resources
    • Globalisation and Unsustainable exploitation of natural resources
    • Depletion of natural resources versus Economic Growth
    • Changing Pattern of Land Use and Causes
    • Water Crisis: Causes, Conflicts and Resolution
    • Energy Crisis
    • Challenges and constraints faced by coal sector
    • Challenges in Hydropower sector
    • Renewable Energy: way toward sustainability
    • Energy Security: Energy Policy and strategy in India

AGRICULTURE

  • Agriculture Basic Terminologies
    • Cropping pattern
    • Agriculture Productivity
    • Agriculture Intensity
    • Land capability
  • Location of agriculture
  • World Agriculture Typologies
  • Salient features of Indian Agriculture
  • Problems of Indian Agriculture
  • Factor Affecting Agriculture
    • Geographical factors
    • Institutional factors
    • Technological factors
  • Major Crops and conditions for growth
  • Regionalization of Agriculture
  • Various Revolutions in Agriculture Sector
    • Green Revolution
      • Impact of Green Revolution
      • Evergreen Revolution
    • White Revolution
    • Operation Flood
    • Blue Revolution
  • Agricultural Policies and Initiatives
    • Minimum Support Price: Benefits and Challenges
    • Agriculture Market Produce Committees: Issues
    • National Agriculture Market (NAM)
    • Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitating) Act (APLM), 2017
    • National Livestock Mission
    • National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development (NPBBD) 
    • Rashtriya Gokul Mission
    • Agriculture Export Policy, 2018
    • Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)
    • Pradhan Mantri Annadataaay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (Pm-Aasha)
    • Operation Greens
    • Dairy Processing & Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF)
    • Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF).
    • Agriculture Census
  • Food Security
    • Nature of Food Insecurity: Duration, Severity and types
    • Trend and Pattern in Food Insecurity
    • Causes and Geography of famine
    • Key Dimension of food security
    • Efforts and Remedies to ensure food security
  • Agricultural in Discussion
    • Controversy over GM Crops: Benefits and Issues
    • Impact of climate Change on Agriculture
    • Evergreen Green Revolution for Sustainable Livelihood
    • Rainbow Revolution
    • Blue Revolution: Impact on Rural Economy
    • Climate Smart Agriculture
    • Need of Agriculture Diversification
    • Mixed farming: Hedging Agriculture Risks
    • Problems and Prospects of dry-zone agriculture
    • Plantation Agriculture: Issues involved
    • Challenges of increasing Agriculture Productivity and Production
    • New ‘White Revolution’: Need, Scope and Challenges
    • Contract Farming: Benefits and Challenges
    • Role of infrastructural and institutional
      factors in the recent transformation of Indian agriculture         
    • Impact of advanced agricultural technologies on the Environment
    • Soil Health Card scheme and  rationalisation of fertilizer subsidies
    • Food Security: India’s Vulnerability and way-out

INDUSTRY

  • Classification of Industries
  • Factors affecting location of Industries
    • Weber’s Model of Industrial Location
    • Losch theory of Profit Maximization
  • Various Industries: Location, Prospects and Challenges
    • Iron and Steel Industry
    • Textile Industry
    • Jute Industry
    • Auto Mobile Industry
    • Fertilizer Industry
    • Agro-based Industries
    • Other Industries
  • Industrial Regions and its Characteristics
    • Major Industrial Regions of the World
    • Industrial Regions of India
    • Industrial Policies and Development
    • A Scheme for Promotion of Innovation, Rural Industry and Entrepreneurship
    • Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries
    • Stand Up India
    • Fourth Industrial Revolution
    • Role of Industrial development in minimizing regional inequalities
    • Problems of Industrial regions
    • Factors behind the growth and present location pattern of automobile industry in India                                                                                                                
    • Pharmaceutical industry: Locational pattern and reasons
    • Sugar industry: Problems and challenges of current pattern
    • Food Processing Industry: Untapped Potential
    • Agro based Industries: Problems and Prospects
    • Impact of agro-based industries on cropping pattern
    • Tourism: Prospects and Impact on Env

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

  • Land Transport
    • Roads
      • Classification of roads
      • National Highway Grid
      • Problems and Prospects
      • Bharatmala Pariyojana
    • Railways
      • Significance and Problems of Indian Railways
      • Dedicated Freight Corridors
      • Privatisation of Railways
    • Pipelines
      • Significance, Distribution and Challenges
    • Water Transport
      • Inland: National Waterways
        • Factors affecting Inland waterways
        • Significance and Challenges
        • Jal Marg Vikas Project
      • Seaways and Oceanic Route
        • Shipping
        • Major Ports of World and India
        • Challenges in Port Development
        • Sagarmala Project
      • Air Transport
        • National Airways
          • National Civil Aviation Policy
          • Regional Connectivity Scheme (UDAN)
          • International Airways
        • Communications
          • Communication Infrastructure
          • National Telecom Policy
        • Major Issues in Transport and Communication
          • Role of Transport in Regional Development
          • Need for holistic transport planning to improve the city’s mobility
          • Carbon footprint of the transport sector
          • Road Transport: Investment Challenges
          • Inland Waterways: Development challenges and prospects
          • Ports: Inclusive centres of economic  development
          • Problem of Pot Development
          • Analysis of Sagarmala Project
          • Environmental issues of maritime shipping
          • Role of Transport in Regional Development
          • Eco Tourism: Way toward Responsible Tourism
        • Trade
        • World Trade Pattern
          • Major Oceanic Trade Routes
        • Basis of Overseas Trade
        • Types of International Trade
          • Bilateral Trade
          • Multilateral Trade
        • Various Organisation Related to International Trade
        • Regional Trade Blocks
        • Foreign Trade: India
          • Trends in India’s Foreign Trade
          • Composition Indian Trade
          • Direction of India’s Foreign Trade
        • Trade Pattern and Policies
          • Changing Pattern of India’s foreign trade
          • Challenges and prospects of foreign trade of India
          • Impact of trade liberalisation on the geographical distribution of industries
          • Neo-liberal reforms in Africa: Race of India and China

DEMOGRAPHY AND CENSUS WORLD & INDIA

  • Concept of human resources
  • Factors affecting the distribution of Population
  • Population growth
    • Theories of Population Growth
      • Malthusian Theory
      • Marxian Theory
      • Demographic transition theory
      • Optimum Population Theory
    • Size, growth rate and distribution of population
    • Components of Population growth
  • Demographic Dividend
    • Demographic Window of Opportunity
  • Components of Population change
    • Birth Rate
    • Death Rate (Mortality Rate)
    • Migration
      • Factors responsible for migration
      • Type of Migration
      • Issues related to migration
      • Migration pattern in world and India
      • World Migration Report, 2018
    • Population Composition
      • Age Sex Pyramids & their significance
      • Trends and Pattern in Sex Ratio
      • Initiatives to improve Sex ratio
      • Trends and Patterns in Literacy
      • Government’s Efforts
    • Fertility Rate
    • Impact of Population Change
    • Population Policies
      • Need for revision of National Population Policy
    • Population problems
      • Global Nutrition Report, 2018
      • Global Hunger Index

SETTLEMENTS AND URBANIZATION

  • Rural Settlements
    • Classification of Rural Settlements
    • Function of Rural Settlements
    • Patterns of Rural Settlements
    • Changing Pattern of Rural Settlements
  • Urban Settlements
    • Origin of Urban Settlements- Functional  Classification of Towns
    • Urbanization
      • Indian Mega Cities
      • Central Place Theory
      • Primate City
      • Morphology of Indian Cities
      • Conurbations
      • Urban Slums
      • Rural Urban Fringe
      • Rural Urban Continuum
    • Issues related to Urbanization in India
      • Habitat – III Conference
    • Schemes
      • Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana or Housing for All Scheme
      • Smart City Initiative
      • AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation)
      • HRIDAY (Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana)

REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

  • Concept of Region
  • Types of Regions
  • Issues of Regional Imbalances
  • Strategies for Regional Development

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

  • Growth v/s Development
  • Approaches to Human Development
  • Human Development Index
  • International comparisons of Human Development
    • World Development Report, 2019
  • Human Development Report    

Polity & Governance GS Topics

0

GS Micro Topics

Share on facebook
Facebook
Share on twitter
Twitter
Share on linkedin
LinkedIn
Share on whatsapp
WhatsApp

::Polity & Governance::

Indian Polity And Governance (Prelims)

EVOLUTION OF THE CONSTITUTION

  • The Company Rule (1773-1858)
    • Regulating Act, 1773
    • Amending Act, 1781
    • Pitt’s India Act, 1784
    • Amending Act of 1786
    • Charter Act, 1793
    • Charter Act, 1813
    • Charter Act, 1833
    • Charter Act, 1853
  • The Crown Rule (1858-1947)
    • Government of India Act, 1858
    • Indian Councils Act, 1861
    • Indian Councils Act, 1892
    • Indian Councils Act, 1909
    • Government of India Act, 1919
    • Simon Commission
    • Government of India Act, 1935
    • Indian Independence Act, 1947
  • Drafting and Sources of Indian Constitution)
    • Seminal Sources
    • External Sources
    • Developmental Sources
    • Constitutional Practices
    • Important Committees of the Constituent Assembly and their Chairman

SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION

  • Constitution and Types
    • What is a Constitution?
    • Types of Constitution
    • Functions of the Constitution
    • Historical evolution of the Constitution
    • Constituent Assembly
    • Objectives of the Constitution
    • Unitary features
    • Federal features
  • Types of Political System
    • Types of Political System
    • Types of Government
    • Parliamentary form of government
    • Features of the Presidential System
    • Features of Semi-Presidential System
  • Types of Majorities as per the Indian Constitution
    • Absolute Majority
    • Effective Majority
    • Simple Majority
    • Special Majority
  • Preamble and Values in the Constitution
    • The objectives laid down in the Preamble
    • Whether the Preamble is a partof the Constitution or not?
    • Whether Preamble can be amended or not?
      • Ideals (mentioned in the Preamble)
      • Democratic
      • Sovereign
      • Socialist
      • Secular
      • Republic
      • Justice
      • Equality
      • Liberty
      • Fraternity
      • Integrity
  • Amendment of the Constitution
    • Procedure for amendment
    • Types of Amendments
    • Amendability of FR’s
    • Ingredients of basic structure
  • Doctrine and Terms
    • Doctrine of severability
    • Validity of Re-Constitutional Laws
    • Doctrine of Eclipse
    • Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
    • Doctrine of Pith and Substance
    • Doctrine of Colorable Legislation (Article 246)
    • Doctrine of Territorial Nexus
    • Doctrine of Laches
    • Due Process of Law
    • Procedure Established by Law
  • Other Constitutional Dimensions
    • Schedules and Subjects
    • Official Languages

UNION & ITS TERRITORY

  • ARTICLE 1-4
    • Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union
    • Committee/commission for StateRe-organisation
    • The State Reorganization Commission(SRC) 1953
    • Article 2: Admit or Establish new State
    • Article 3: Formation of new States andalternation of areas, boundaries or names of existing States
    • Article 4: Laws made under articles2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedule and Supplemental.
    • Delimitation Commission

CITIZENSHIP

  • Constitutional Provisions
    • Constitutional provisions of citizenship
    • Citizenship Act, 1955
    • The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2016
    • Methodology of getting citizenship
    • Modes of Losing the Citizenship of India
    • Concept of dual citizenship
    • Special privileges enjoyed bycitizens in India
    • Rights and Duties of Citizens
  • Indian Diaspora
    • Pravasi Bhartiya Divas
    • Non-Resident Indians

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

  • Evolution Objectives And Features
    • Meaning
    • Objectives
    • Features
    • Importance
    • Restrictive limitations on fundamental rights
  • Article 12 and Article 13
    • Definition of state
    • Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
  • Right to Equality
    • Article 14: Equality before the lawor the Equal protection of Law
    • Article 15: Prohibition of Discriminationon the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
    • Article 16: Equality of Opportunityin matters of Public Employment
    • Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability
    • Article 18: Abolition of Titles
  • Right to Freedom
    • Article 19
    • Article 20: (Protection in respectof conviction for offenses)
    • Article 21: Protection of life andpersonal liberty
    • Article 22: Protection against arrestand detention
  • Right against Exploitation
    • Article 23: Prohibition of Trafficin human beings and forced labour
    • Article 24: Prohibition of employmentof children in factories, etc
  • Right to Freedom of Religion
    • Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation or religion
    • Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs
    • Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
    • Article 28: Freedom from attendance religious instruction or worship in educational institutions
  • Cultural and Educational Rights
    • Article 29: Protection of interest of Minorities
    • Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
  • Right to Constitutional Remedies
    • Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies:
      • Habeas Corpus
      • Mandamus
      • Certiorari
      • Prohibition
      • Quo Warranto
  • FR’s other Dimensions
    • Article 33
    • Article 34
    • Article 35
    • Article 35A         

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (DPSP)

  • Evolution, objectives, and features
    • Basic features
    • Types
    • Amendments
    • Implementation
  • Socialistic Principles
    • Article: 38
    • Article:39
    • Article: 39A
    • Article: 41
    • Article: 42
    • Article: 43
    • Article: 43-A
    • Article: 47
  • Gandhian Principles
    • Article: 40
    • Article: 43
    • Article: 46
    • Article: 47
    • Article: 48
  • Liberal-Intellectual Principles
    • Article: 44
    • Article: 45
    • Article: 48
    • Article: 48A
    • Article: 49
    • Article: 50
    • Article: 51
  • Directive Principle Outside Part IV
    • ARTICLE 335 IN PART XVI
    • ARTICLE 350-A IN PART XVII
    • Article 351 in Part XVII

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

  • Article: 51A
    • Features
    • Relation between of Fundamental Rightsand Fundamental Duties
    • List Of Fundamental Duties
    • 86th Constitutional Amendment Act 2003 : RTE
  • Recent Developments
    • Fundamental Duties – Awareness Campaigns is the Duty of Centre
    • National Anthem – Mandatoryin Cinema Halls – Article 51(a)
    • Prevention of Insults toNational Honour Act, 1971
    • Triple Talaq Issue
    • Uniform Civil Code
    • MGNREGA: Right to Work
    • Making Aadhar mandatory

SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE

  • Centre-State Relations
    • Legislative relations (Articles) 245
    • Related to Territorial Powers
    • Related to Legislative Powers
    • Related to Parliament’s Powersto make Laws in State
    • Sarkaria Commission’s Opinionon Legislative Relations
    • Administrative Relations
    • Delegation of Union Functionsto the States
    • Sarkaria Commission’s Opinionon Administrative Relations
    • Financial relations
    • National Integration Council
  • Inter State Relation
    • Inter state water dispute
    • Inter state councils
    • Inter state trade and commerce
    • Zonal Councils
  • Special Provisoions for some States
    • Provisions for Maharastra and Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam and Manipur
    • Provisions for Jammu and Kashmir (A370) (now abrogated)
  • Types of Emergencies
    • National Emergency
    • Constitutional/State Emergency /President’s Rule
  • Financial Emergency

UNION EXECUTIVE

  • President
    • Eligibility
    • Conditions of Office
    • Term of Office
    • Election
    • Manner of Election
    • Impeachment of the President
    • Impeachment of the President
    • Vacancy in the Office of President
    • Powers of the President
      • Executive powers (Article 53)
      • Legislative Powers
      • Financial Powers
      • Ordinance Issuing Power (Article 123)
      • Judicial/Pardoning Power
      • Military
      • Diplomatic
      • Emergency Powers
  • Vice President
    • Qualification
    • Conditions of Office
    • Term of Office
    • Election
    • Removal
    • Vacancy
    • Functions of the Vice-President
  • The Prime Minister
    • Appointment
    • Eligibility
    • Powers and Functions of Prime Minister
    • Relationship between the President
      and the Prime Minister
    • Deputy Prime Minister
    • Prime Minister’s Office
  • Union Council of Minister
    • Article 74: Council of Ministers to aidand advice President
    • Article 75: Other Provisions as to Ministers
    • Article 77: Conduct of Businessof the Government of India
    • Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister
    • Nature of advice by Ministers
    • Strength of the Council
    • Appointment of a Non-legislator as a Minister
    • Collective responsibility of the Ministers
    • Individual Responsibility of Ministers

UNION LEGISLATURE

  • Organisation of Parliament
    • Organisation of Parliament
    • Qualifications and Disqualifications forbeing a Member of Parliament (Article 84)
    • Functions of the Parliament
    • Functioning of the Parliament
    • Sessions of Parliament
    • Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings
    • Parliamentary Privileges and Immunities
    • Collective Privileges of the House
    • Individual Privileges
    • Houses of the Parliament
  • Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
    • Lok Sabha Composition
    • Rajya Sabha Composition
    • Presiding Officers of the Parliament
    • Speaker
    • Powers & Functions of the speaker
    • Deputy Speaker
    • Panel of Chairpersons of Lok Sabha
    • Speaker Pro Tem
    • Chairman of Rajya Sabha
    • Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
    • Panel of Vice-Chairpersons of Rajya Sabha
    • Chairman and Deputy chairman of the Council of States
  • Legislative Procedure and Committees of Parliament
    • Legislative Procedure in Parliament
    • Ordinary Bill
    • Money Bill
    • Financial Bill
    • Constitution Amendment Bill
    • Lapsing of Bills
    • Annual Financial Statement: Budget (Article 112)
    • Demand of Grants
    • Appropriation Bill
    • Cut motions
    • Stages in Enactment of Budget
    • Other Grants
    • Related Information of Budget
    • Parliamentary committees

STATE EXECUTIVE

  • Governor
    • Article 152: Definition
    • Article 153: Governors of States
    • Article 154: Executive power of State
      • Powers of Governor
      • Executive power
      • Legislative power
      • Financial Power
      • Judicial Power
    • Discretionary power
    • Article 155: Appointment of Governor
    • Article 156: Term of office of Governor
    • Article 157: Qualifications for Appointment as Governor
    • Article 158: Conditions of Governor’s office
    • Article 159: Oath or affirmation by the Governor
    • Article 160: Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
    • Article 161
    • Article 162: Extent of executive power of State
    • Recommendations on the office of Governor
    • ARC (Administrative Reforms Commission)
    • Sarkaria Commission
    • National Commission to Review the working of the Constitution
  • The Chief Minister and the CoM
    • Powers and Functions of Chief Minister
      • In Relation to Council of Ministers
      • In relation to the Governor
      • In Relation to State Legislature
      • Other Powers and Functions
    • Composition of the Council of Ministers
    • Responsibility of Ministers
    • Advocate-General for the State

STATE LEGISLATURE

  • Legislative Assembly
    • Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)
    • Powers and Functions
    • Speaker & Deputy Speaker
    • Parliament’s Control over State Legislature
  • Legislative Council (Article 169)
    • Qualifications
    • Powers and Functions

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

  • Panchayati Raj
    • Evolution of the Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI)
    • 73rd Amendment Act of 1992
    • Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions
  • Urban Local Government
    • 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
    • Types of Urban Governments In India

UNION TERRITORIES AND SPECIAL AREAS

  • Union Territories
    • Creation of Union Territories
    • Administration of UT’s
    • Special provisions for Delhi
    • Special Category Status
  • Schedule and Tribal Areas
    • Administration of Schedule Areas
    • Administration of Tribal areas

THE JUDICIARY

  • The Supreme Court
    • Chief Justice of India
    • Acting Chief Justice of India
    • Appointment of Supreme Court Judges
    • Qualifications for Supreme Court Judges
    • Removal of a Supreme Court Judges
    • Process of Impeachment
    • Ad hoc and Retired Judges
    • Salaries and allowances of SupremeCourt Judges
    • Chief Justices of India (Since 1951)
    • Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
    • Judicial Independence
    • Judiciary Executive Relations
  • The High Court Subordinate Courts & Lok Adalats
    • The High Courts
    • Jurisdiction of the High Courts
    • Subordinate Courts
    • Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
    • Alternative dispute Resolution
    • Lok Adalat
    • All India Judicial Service
    • E-governance in Judiciary
    • Judicial Impact Assessment
    • Judges Standards and AccountabilityBill, 2010
    • National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)

CONSTITUTIONAL & NON CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES

  • Constitutional Bodies
    • Finance Commission
      • Constitution
      • Functions
    • Comptrollerand Auditor General of India
      • Comptroller and Auditor-General
    • Attorney-General of India
      • Appointment
      • Functions and Responsibilities
    • Other Constitutional Bodies
      • All India Services
      • Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
    • State Public Service Commission (SPSC)
    • Joint State public Service Commission (JSPSC)
    • National Commission For SCs
    • National Commission For STs
    • Special Officer for Linguistic Minority
    • The Advocate General (Article 165)
  • Non Constitutional
    • Special officer for linguistic Minorities
    • Central Information Commission
    • State Information Commission
    • Lokpal and Lok Ayukta
    • National Human Rights Commission
    • State Human Right Commission
    • CVC (Central Vigillance Commission)

POLITICAL DYNAMICS

  • Political Parties and Election
    • Electoral System in India
    • Electoral Reforms Since 1988
    • Salient features of the Representation of People Act, 1950
      • Salient features of Representation of Peoples Act, 1951
      • Elections in India
      • Electoral reforms since 1988
      • Criminalization of politics
      • Negative or neutral voting
      • State funding of Election
      • Irregularities in polling
    • Types of Political Parties
    • Party System in India
    • Political Parties in India
      • Problems in the working of parties
      • Casteism and Politic
      • Strengthening of Anti-defection measures
    • Pressure Groups
      • Meaning and Techniques
      • Pressure Groups in India
      • Types of pressure groups
        • Role of pressure groupin developing countries
        • Functions of pressure groups in India
        • Pressure groups methods
        • Pressure groups and Democracy
        • Criticism of pressure groups       

GOVERNANCE

  • Governing Institutions in India
    • Structure of Ministries/departments
    • Political head
    • Secretariat organization secretary
    • Functions of the secretariat
    • Functions of attached and subordinate office
    • Other organizations
    • Public sector undertakings
    • The Executive organization
    • Advantages of the separation ofsecretariat and executive organization.
    • Strengths and weaknesses of theexisting structure
    • Recommendations for improvingthe Organizational structure
  • Audit and other Transparency initiatives
    • CVC
    • CAG
    • Lokpal
    • Lok Ayukta
  • Role of SHG, NGOs, Civil Society
    • SHGs
      • Characteristics
      • Role of SHGs in development
    • NGOs
      • Functions
      • Role of NGOs in development
    • Micro Finance Institutions
      • Salient features
      • Role of MFIs in development
  • Social Sector Bills
      • The Juvenile Justice (Care andProtection of Children) Act
      • Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016
      • Child Labour (Prohibitionand Amendment) Bill, 2016
      • Maternity Benefit Bill, 2016
      • Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act
      • Mental Health Care Bill, 2013
      • Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO)
      • Anti Trafficking Bill with Stringent Penalty
      • HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control)Bill- 2014 – Amendments
      • Domestic Violence Act, 2005 – SC WidensAmbit
      • Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesBill, 2014 with more Benefit
      • Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights)Bill 2016
      • The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act
  • Welfare Schemes
      • Health                                                       
        • National Health Mission
        • National Ayush Mission
        • Jan Aushadhi Scheme
        • Mission Indradhanush
        • NFHS-4 survey
      • Education
        • Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat
        • Mid Day Meal Scheme
        • GIAN (Global Initiative ofAcademic Networks)
        • SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active –Learning for Young Aspiring Minds)
      • Start-up and Skill Development
        • Start Up India Scheme
        • Stand up India Scheme
        • National Student Start-up Policy
        • National Skill Development Mission
        • Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
        • Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana
        • Skill Development Initiative Scheme
        • Self-Employment & Talent Utilisation (SETU)
        • Atal Innovation Mission
      • Vulnerable Sector
        • Social Security
        • Atal Pension Yojana
        • Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
        • Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
        • Nai Roshni Scheme
        • USTAAD Scheme (Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development)
        • Nai Manzil Scheme
        • Women and Child Development
        • Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
        • Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
        • Digital Gudda Guddi Board
        • Ujjawala Scheme
        • Janani Suraksha Yojana
        • Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
        • SC/ST
        • Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana
        • Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana
        • Disability
        • Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)
        • Rural and Urban Development
        • Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
        • Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan
        • Shyama Prasad Mukharjee Rurban Mission
        • Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
        • Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
        • Swachch Bharat Abhiyan
        • Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Gramin
        • Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban
        • Housing for all by 2022
        • Smart Cities Mission
        • Hriday – National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana
        • Amrut (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation)
      • Inclusive growth
        • Measurement criteria
        • Government initiatives for inclusive growth
        • Basic Amenities: Housing/Drinking Waters/Sanitations
        • Sustainable Development
      • Rural Development
        • Rural development and poverty alleviation
        • Review of the existing Programmes
        • Development Administration
        • Panchayati Raj
        • Agriculture and Rural Development
      • Miscellaneous schemes
        • Digilocker
        • Bharatnet Project (National Optical Fibre Network)
        • INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research)
        • SAKAAR
        • Digital India
        • Namami Gange Project (Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission Project)
        • Ganga Gram Yojana
        • Khelo India
        • PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation)
        • Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF)              

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

  • India’s Foreign Policy
    • Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy
    • Post 1990 Scenario
    • Global Issues
  • South Asia
    • India – Nepal Relations
    • India and Bhutan
    • India-Afghanislam Relations
    • India-Bangladesh Relations
    • India-Maldives Relations
    • India-Sri Lanka Relations
    • India-Myanmar Relations
    • India-Pakistan Relations
    • SAARC
    • NAM (Non-Alignment Movement): Relevance
  • Central Asia
    • Mongolia
    • Kazakhastan
    • Tukmenistan
    • Uzbekistan
  • West Asia
    • India – UAE Relations      
    • India IRAN Relations
    • Israel and Palestine Relations
    • India – Israel Relations
    • India – Saudi Arabia
  • Asia – Pacific
    • Asia-Pacific Region
    • India-South East Asia Relations
    • India-Asean Cooperation
    • Indo-Japan Relations
    • Indo-Australia Relations
    • India – South Korea Relations
    • India-Vietnam
  • Africa
    • India-South Africa Relations
    • India-Nigeria Relations
    • India-Kenya Relations
    • India-Sudan Relations
  • Europe
    • India-Russia Relations
    • India-France Relations
    • India-Germany Relations
    • India-United Kingdom Relations
    • India-EU Kingdom Relations
  • US-China
    • India-USA Relations
    • India-China Relations
  • Indian Ocean Region
    • Seychelles
    • Mauritius
    • Maldives
  • Indian Diaspora
    • Indian Diaspora in West
    • Indian Diaspora in Gulf
    • Indian Diaspora in Eastand Middle East

Constitutional/Non-Constitutional Bodies

CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES

  • Election Commission
  • Union Public Service Commission
  • State Public Service Commission
  • Finance Commission
    • 14th Finance Commission and Local Governments
    • 15th Finance commission: Issues with Term and References
  • State Finance Commission
  • Law Commission
    • 268th Report of Law Commission on Bail Reforms
    • Law Commission report on Hate Speech
  • Pay Commission
    • 7th Pay Commission
  • National Commission for SCs
  • National Commission for STs
  • Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities
  • Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) , Functioning and Autonomy of CAG
  • National Commission for Backward Classes
  • Attorney General of India
  • Advocate General of the State
  • Co-operative Societies
  • Tribunals
    • Problems with Tribunals, Problems arising out of sidestepping the HC

STATUTORY, REGULATORY AND VARIOUS QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES

  • Rationalization Of Autonomous Bodies
  • National Human Rights Commission
  • National Commission for Women
  • State Human Rights Commission
  • Central Information Commission
  • State Information Commission
  • Central Vigilance Commission
    • Preventive Vigilance
  • Central Bureau of Investigation
    • Autonomy of CBI
  • Lokpal and Lokayuktas
    • Issues related to the appointment of Lokpal
    • Ammendment to Lokpal Act
  • Quasi judicial bodies
  • NITI Aayog
    • NITI Aayog’s Report on Rationalization of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)
  • Model Land leasing Law prepared by NITI Aayog

Contemporary Issues: Governance (Mains)

SECOND ARC REPORT

  • Functions of Government                  
  • Issues in Organizational Structure of GOI
  • Good Governance and Citizen Centric Administration
  • e-Governance      
  • Ethics in Governance

INITIATIVES FOR TRANSPARENCY & ACCOUNTABILITY

  • Public Accountability Concept                        
  • Virtual ID for AADHAR
  • Social Media & Accountability
  • Accountability & Transparency in NGOs
  • Autonomy of CBI
  • Analysis of Functioning Of CAG
  • People Centric Governance
  • Pro-Active Governance & Timely Implementation (PRAGATI)
  • Right Based Approach in Policy Making
  • Direct Benefi t Transfer               
  • Issues Related to Making Aadhaar Mandatory
  • Reforms Needed In Indian Bureaucracy
  • Performance Appraisal System In Bureaucracy       
  • Curb on VIP Culture
  • Social Audit Law

ORGANISATION/BODIES

  • 14th Finance Commission Analysis
  • 7th Pay Commission Report &Repercussions                                                   
  • AFSPA & Second ARC                                     
  • Role of NITI Aayog
  • Significance of Public Accounts Committee      
  • Right to Information
  • Accountability & Transparency in NGOs

SCHEME

  • PradhanMantri Jan-DhanYojana (PMJDY)                   
  • Swachh Bharat Mission
  • National Skill Development Mission                                                                           
  • National Food Security Act, 2013
  • SansadAdarsh Gram Yojana
  • Smart City Mission
  • Saubhagya Plan
  • NAMAMI GANGE                                                
  • Critical Analysis of Stand up India scheme
  • MGNREGA

POLICIES

  • NITI Aayog’s Report on Rationalization of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)           
  • Law Commission’s 268th Report on Bail Reforms
  • Model Land Leasing Law Prepared by NITI Aayog                                                     
  • T K  Visanathan Committee on Hate Speech    
  • Law Commission Report on Tribunals in India                                                   
  • Law Commission Report on United Nations Convention against Torture
  • National Education Policy

MISCELLANEOUS

  • Inter-State Water Dispute
  • Debate on Directly Elected Mayor
  • Debate on the Issue of Lobbying in India
  • Media Role & Censorship Issue
  • The Role of States in India’s Foreign Policy

Features Of Indian Polity & Constitution (Mains)

UPSC SYLLABUS

  • Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure
  • Separation of powers Fundamental Rights, Preamble, DPSP, Fundamental Duties, etc.
  • Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries
  • Salient features of RP Act.

HISTORICAL UNDERPINNING

  • Constitution: Why and How?
  • Historical Background

EVOLUTION

  • Constituent Assembly and its vision of future
  • Making of the Constitution
  • Constitution as a living document
  • Democracy and diversity
  • Outcomes of democracy
  • Crisis of Democratic order
  • National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution
  • Comparison of the Indian Constitutional scheme with that of other countries

FEATURES

  • Sources of the Constitution
  • Salient features of the Constitution
  • The Philosophy of the Constitution
  • System of Government: Parliamentary & Presidential System
  • Role of Convention under the Constitution
  • Comparison between Judicial Review and Parliamentary Supremacy

AMENDMENTS

  • The Constitution Amendment of the Constitution
  • Keshvananda and Bharti Case Judgement
  • 42nd and 44th Amendment to the Constitution
  • The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019 (124th Constitution Amendment Bill) to provide 10% reservation in government jobs and educational  institutions to the economically weaker sections (EWS)
  • (125th Amendment) Bill, 2019

SIGNIFICANT PROVISIONS

  • Preamble of the Constitution
    • Debate : Is Preamble part of the Constitution and its amendment
  • Citizenship
    • National Register of Citizens
  • Fundamental Rights
    • Rule of Law
    • Procedure Established by Law vs Due Process of Law
    • Exceptions to Fundamental Rights
    • Amenability of Fundamental Rights
    • Rights following from other provision  of the Constitution
  • Major Debates/ Issues around Fundamental Rights:
    • Limitations upon the Freedom
    • Freedom of Press and Censorship
    • Free Speech: Rights & Limits and Hate speech
    • Data protection: Privacy Vs. Innovation
    • RTI amendments
    • Sedition-Law- Comprehensive public discussion regarding Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code 1860
    • Right To Information Act 2005.
    • Defamation-Should it be decriminialised
    • ‘Living wills’/ Euthanasia
    • Restriction on the entry of women in places of worship
    • Reservation in India – Explained in Layman’s Terms
    • Reservation in promotion
    • Aadhaar and Privacy issues
    • Constitutionality of article 35A
  • Directive Principles of the State Policy
    • Scope of DPSP: Economic and Social Democracy
    • Implementation of Directives
    • Conflict between Fundamental Rights and role of judiciary in harmonizing them
    • Challenge of implementing Uniform civil code
  • Fundamental Duties
  • Union Territories
    • Chief Minister Vs Lieutenant Governor: Rules, Rights and Responsibilities
  • Special Status of Jammu and Kashmir
    • Kashmir Unrest
  • Special Provisions for some States
  • Scheduled and Tribal areas
  • Official Language
    • Reasons for the 58th Amendment

MAJOR DOCTRINES

  • Doctrine of Basic Structure of the Constitution
  • Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
  • Doctrine of Eclipse
  • Doctrine of Pith and Substance
  • Doctrine of Incidental or Ancillary Powers
  • Doctrine of Colourable Legislation
  • Doctrine of Severability
  • Doctrine of Territorial Nexus
  • Doctrine of Laches

PRESSURE GROUPS AND FORMAL/INFORMAL ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE POLITY

  • Pressure Groups
  • Popular Struggles and Movements
  • Rise of Popular movements

ELECTION & THE REPRESENTATIVES OF PEOPLE’S ACT

  • Political Parties
    • Criminalisation of politics
    • Freebies Politics in India
    • Issues Related to the Working of Political Parties
    • Inner Party Democracy
    • Significance of Strong Opposition in Democracy
  • Elections
    • Role of Civil Society in Free and Fair Election
    • What is Tactical Voting and Proportional Representation?
    • What is Absentee Ballot?
  • Voting Behaviour
  • Election Laws
    • Representation of People (Amendment) Bill 2010- Voting rights to NRI
    • Introduction of NOTA
    • Bill on Right to Recall Legislators
  • Electoral reforms
    • Demand For A Hybrid Electoral System
    • Simultaneous Elections
    • About Paper Trail units
    • Election Funding (Electoral bonds) Corporate funding laws
    • State Funding in elections
    • Women voices in elections
    • Law Commission Report on Electoral Reforms
  • Anti-Defection Law
    • Anti-Defection Law: Is it time for reconsideration?

DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES AND THE DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY

  • The role of NGOs
    • NGOs and Development/ Crackdown on NGOs
    • Accountability and transparency in NGOs
  • SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders

MAJOR ISSUES

  • Dalit assertion and Politics of reservation
  • Should India spend more on science or Social welfare?
  • Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005
  • Agrarian crisis: Issues in farmer economy
  • Issues related to Social Media
  • Media freedom and Responsible reporting
  • Marital rape
  • Section 377: Constitutionality Vs Morality
  • Legalising Sports Betting In India

MECHANISM, LAWS, INSTITUTIONS AND BODIES CONSTITUTED FOR THE PROTECTION AND BETTERMENT OF THESE VULNERABLE SECTIONS

  • Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes
    • Muslim Personal law: Polygamy/ Triple talaq
  • Scheduled and Tribal Areas
    • SC/ST Act judgment: Protecting the innocent or diluting the Protection?

Contemporary Issues: Features of Indian Polity & Constitution (Mains)

RECENT BILLS & ACTS

  • 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act
  • Fugitive Economic Offenders Bill, 2018
  • Triple Talaq Ordinance                                                                                                 
  • Citizenship (Amendment) Bill
  • Draft Emigration Bill, 2019                                                                                     
  • Consumer Protection Bill, 2018
  • Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Act, 2018                                                                          
  • Lokpal & Lokayukta Amendment Act, 2016
  • The Right of Children to Free & Compulsory Education (Amendment) Act, 2019        
  • Data (Privacy & Protection) Bill, 2017
  • The Transgender Persons (Protection of  Rights) Bill, 2016    
  • The Indian Institute of Information Technology (Amendment) Bill , 2017 (autonomy of institutes)

ELECTIONS

  • Criminalization of Politics
  • Issues Related to the Working of Political Parties
  • Enact Strong Laws to Cleanse Politics, says Supreme Court
  • How effective is Election Commission in Ensuring Fair Elections                        
  • Freebies Politics in India
  • Election Commission Proposal for Countering Bribe-for-Votes
  • Law Commission Report on Electoral Reforms                                                  
  • State Funding in Elections
  • Role of Civil Society in Free and Fair Election
  • Women Voices in Elections
  • Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) Issue                                             
  • About Paper Trail Units
  • Anti-Defection Law                                    
  • Office of Profit & RPA

MISCELLANEOUS

  • Constituent Assembly and its vision of future
  • Making of the Constitution
  • Constitution as a living document
  • Democracy and diversity
  • Outcomes of democracy
  • Crisis of Democratic order
  • National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution
  • Comparison of the Indian Constitutional scheme with that of other countries

Contemporary Issues: (Executive, Judiciary, Legislature) (Mains)

UNION & STATE GOVERNMENT

  • Imposition of President Rule: An Analysis
  • Is President a mere Rubber Stamp?
  • Politicization of the Post of Governor
  • Lacunas in Parliamentary Functioning in India                                                                   
  • Significance of Strong Opposition in Democracy
  • Ordinance Making Power in India
  • Balance between Fundamental Rights & Parliamentary Privileges                                      
  • Special Provisions for other States
  • Special Category Status to States                                   
  • National Register of Citizens in Assam
  • Gorkhaland Crisis                       
  • Issue Related to Office of Profit                                                                                         
  • Women Reservation in Parliament        
  • Centre vs State: Case of AAP vs LG

JUDICIARY

  • Shortage of Judges in Indian Courts
  • Issue Related to Appointment of Judges
  • Procedure for Removal of Judges: Critical Analysis
  • Should Judiciary be under RTI
  • Judicial Accountability
  • Post Retirement Appointment of Judges
  • Issue of Judicial Overreach                                               
  • Judicial Reform: How to Reduce Pendency of Cases?
  • Future Challenges of the Indian Judiciary
  • All-India Judicial Service
  • Draft witness protection scheme
  • Contempt of Court
  • Government as the Biggest Litigant in India                         
  • Public Interest Litigation                                                    
  • National Litigation Policy
  • Administrative Tribunals
  • Sabrimala Temple Verdict
  • Right to Convert
  • Alternate Dispute Redressal Mechanism
  • Should India abolish Death Penalty?

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

  • Education Qualification Made Mandatory for Contesting Local Government Elections
  • Reforms needed in Municipalities in Sync with Urban Development Missions                    
  • Municipal reforms for sustainable development of Cities
  • 14th Finance Commission & Local Governments
  • Telangana: Tribal Hamlets to Village Panchayat Status                           
  • Maharashtra Government Recently Launched a new Initiative to
  • Dharavi- one of the Largest Slums in the World
  • Panchayat Raj                                                    
  • Strengthening Participation of Women in Panchayat                                                       
  • PESA in Tribal Areas                        
  • Deepening Grass Root Democracy in Sixth Schedule Areas
  • 2nd ARC Recommendations

ELECTIONS

  • Criminalization of Politics
  • Issues Related to the Working of Political Parties                                                           
  • Enact Strong Laws to Cleanse Politics, says Supreme Court                                            
  • How effective is Election Commission in Ensuring Fair Elections                                     
  • Freebies Politics in India
  • Election Commission Proposal for Countering Bribe-for-Votes                                           
  • Law Commission Report on Electoral Reforms
  • State Funding in Elections
  • Role of Civil Society in Free and Fair Election                                                      
  • Women Voices in Elections
  • Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) Issue
  • About Paper Trail Units
  • Anti-Defection Law                     
  • Office of Profit & RPA

MISCELLANEOUS

  • Revisiting Section 124-A of IPC

Executive, Judiciary, Legislature (Mains)

UPSC SYLLABUS

  • Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States
  • Issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure
  • Devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
  • Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
  • Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive
  • Ministries and Departments of the Government
  • Structure, organization and functioning of the Judiciary
  • Dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES PERTAINING TO THE FEDERAL STRUCTURE

  • Union and its territory
    • Formation of state and Altercation of boundaries
  • Nature of Federal System
  • Peculiar features of Indian federalism
  • A Critique of the Federal System
    • Challenges of Nation building
    • Challenges Of Special Status State And Problems
  • Demand for New states: Gorkhaland, Nagalim, Vidharbha, Purvanchal etc.
  • Era of One-Party dominance
  • Regional aspirations
  • Emergency Provisions
    • Imposition of President Rule
    • Fundamental Rights during Emergency
  • Conversion of state to UT unilateraly by centre-A constitutional question

STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE EXECUTIVE

  • Governor
    • Provisions related to removal of Governor (Article 156)
    • Discretionary Powers
    • Politicization of the Post of Governor
  • Chief Minister
  • State Council of Ministers

STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE UNION EXECUTIVE

  • President
    • President of India – Discretionary Powers- Imposition of President’s rule
    • Is President a mere Rubber Stamp
  • Vice President
  • Prime Minister
  • Central Council of Ministers
  • Cabinet Committees

PARLIAMENT

  • Parliament
    • Sessions of Parliament: Adjournment, Prorogation, Dissolution etc.
    • Lacunas in Parliamentary Functioning in India
    • When Does a Bill Lapse in Indian Parliament?
    • Types of Majorities Used in the Indian
    • Election to Rajya Sabha: The Procedure.
    • Relevance of Rajya Sabha
    • Government Budgeting: Indian Budget for
    • Budget Documents Made Simple: Key to Budget Documents.
    • Cut Motions: Policy Cut, Economy Cut, and Token Cut.
    • Misuse of Ordinance promulgation power
    • Office of the Speaker: Powers and Issues
    • Issue related to office of profit
    • Breach Of Privilege: Special privileges   to MP’s and its implications
  • Parliamentary Committees
    • Parliamentary Committees in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
    • Diminishing importance of parliamentary committees

STATE LEGISLATURE

  • State Legislature
    • Full statehood to Delhi: Should it be granted or not?
    • Relevance of Council of State    

FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE UNION AND STATES

7th Schedule

SEPARATION OF POWER

  • Power Sharing
  • Centre-State Relations
    • Inter-State Council vs National Development Council.
    • Separate State Flag in Karnataka
    • NITI Aayog: The new ‘think-tank’ to replace Planning Commission.
  • Foreign Policy
  • States demand a say in Foreign Policy?

DISPUTE REDRESSAL MECHANISMS AND INSTITUTIONS

  • Inter-State Relations
    • Inter-state River Water Dispute
    • Inter-state Councils
  • Parliamentary Forums
  • Parliamentary Groups
  • Administrative Tribunals
  • National Integration

DEVOLUTION OF POWERS AND FINANCES UP TO LOCAL LEVELS AND CHALLENGES THEREIN

  • Local Governments
    • Nagaland Reservation in Urban Bodies
    • Education Qualification made mandatory for contesting Local Government Elections
  • Panchayati Raj and PESA 1996
  • Municipalities
    • in Municipalities in Sync with Urban Development Missions

STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE JUDICIARY

  • Higher Judiciary Appointments
    • Collegium system and issues.
    • Collegium Vs. NJAC
    • CJI removal
  • Judicial Review
  • Judicial Activism
    • Judicial activism and judicial Overreach
    • Judicial Accountability & RTI Act
  • Public Interest Litigation
    • Advocates (Amendment) Bill, 2017 Controversy
    • National Litigation Policy
  • Other Judicial Issues
    • All India Judicial Services
    • Proposal for National Court of Appeal
    • Judicial Pendency
    • Judicial Reforms
    • Problems with Tribunals, Problems arising out of sidestepping the HC
    • Alternate Dispute Redressal (ADR)
  • Major Judgements of Supreme Court
    • RIGHT TO CONVERT-the Supreme Court’s judgement regarding a person’s right to choose a religion, Issue of Religious  Conversion in India,
    • Reservation in promotion, Argument in favour of reservation in promotion, Argument against the reservation in  promotions
    • Supreme Court judgement on Caste, Religion in Polls
    • Validity of Aadhaar but with certain caveats
    • Cauvery River Verdict
    • Concept of Defamation in India
    • Should the SC proceedings be live streamed?

Executive, Judiciary, Legislature (Mains)

UPSC SYLLABUS

  • Pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity
  • Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation
  • Development processes and the development industry the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders
  • Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability
  • E-governance-applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential
  • Citizens Charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures
  • Role of civil services in a democracy
  • Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies
  • Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies

GOVERNANCE

  • Concept of Good Governance
  • Issues Concerning Governance
  • Right Based Approach in Policy Making
  • Public Policy Making and Policy Implementation
  • How to Establish Good Governance

TRANSPARENCY & ACCOUNTABILITY

  • Right to Information
    • Information sharing and transparency in government
    • RTI and Official Secret Act: Who’s winning and why Judiciary wants to remain isolated
  • Citizen’s Charters
    • Benefits of Citizen Charter
    • Citizen Charter in India: An Evaluation
    • Problems Faced in Implementing the Charters
    • Steps to improve Citizen Charters
    • Indian Approach to Citizen Charter: Sevottam Model
    • Administrative Reforms Commission’s Seven Step Model for Citizen Centricity
    • Right to Service
  • Extent of regulations and openness of media and social networking sites
    • K. Visanathan Committee On Hate Speech
    • Role of MEDIA in bringing Transparency and Accountability
    • Social Media and Accountability
  • E-Governance
    • Role of E-Governance in bringing Transparency and Accountability
    • Major E-Governance Projects and challenges in their implementation
  • Role of civil services in a democracy
    • Linkage of Civil Services and Democracy
    • Debate on Lateral Entry in Civil Services
    • Relation between Civil Servants and Political Executives
    • Performance Appraisal System in Bureaucracy
    • Reforms Needed In Indian Bureaucracy
  • Codes of Ethics and Code of Conduct
    • Paid news abuse by social media a poll menace
    • Model code of conduct
  • Utilization of Public funds
    • Significance of Public Accounts Committee
    • Challenges of corruption and incompetence

REGULATORY STRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE REFORMS

  • Functions and responsibilities of various Bodies
    • Analysis of Autonomy and functioning of CAG, CBI, CVC and NHRC
    • Lokpal and rise of Ombudsman era: a critical evaluation of journey traveled  so far
    • State and operational effectiveness of Local governments in India
    • Corporate Governance in India – Why is it so critical
  • Police Reforms in India
  • Curb On VIP Culture
  • Prison Reforms in India
  • Improving Governance In Public Systems

DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES AND THE DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY

  • Role of Self Help Group in Development
  • Shortcomings and Recommendations to  Improve Self Help Group
  • Role and functions of NGOs in the Development
  • Challenges Faced by NGOs in India
  • Issue of Fund Mismanagement
  • Role of Microfinance Institutions in Development Process
  • Issues Related to Microfinance Institutions and Recommendations
  • Role of Foreign aid in Development
  • The role and function of pressure groups in India
  • Changing Pattern of Pressure Group Politics in India

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

  • Concept of Human Development
    • Economic Growth and Human Development: Two-Way Link
    • Measurement of Human Development
  • Understanding Poverty
    • Dimensions of Poverty
    • Linkage between Poverty and Development
    • Recommendations of Rangarajan Committee Report
    • Poverty Alleviation Strategy Since Independence
    • Programmes for Poverty Alleviation
    • Concept of Inequality
    • World Inequality Report 2018: Findings of the Report
    • Income Inequality in India
    • Recommendations to Reduce Inequality
  • HUNGER
    • Manifestations of Hunger and its causes
    • Challenges to Food Security
    • Global Hunger Index Report, 2018
    • Recommendations
  • Institutional Measures for Welfare of Vulnerable Sections
    • Issues Related to the Weaker Sections & Vulnerable groups in India
    • Constitutional Provisions for the  Welfare of Society
    • Institutional Measures for the Welfare of the Society
    • Issues with the Institutional Mechanisms
  • HEALTH
    • Public Health System of India
    • Shortcomings of the Healthcare Sector
    • Urgency of achieving Universal Health  Coverage
    • Evaluation of SWACHH BHARAT MISSION
    • Global Nutrition Report 2018
    • Initiatives Taken In Health Sector : Ayushman Bharat
    • National Health Policy
  • EDUCATION
    • Challenges of Education sector in India
    • Right to Education and Challenges to EWS Children
    • Initiatives by Government

ROLE OF CIVIL SERVICES IN A DEMOCRACY

  • Concept of civil services
  • Need for civil services
  • Different role of civil services
    • Law making
    • Policy formulation
    • Policy implementation
    • Policy evaluation
    • Civil services as protector of democracy
    • To protect minorities (religious and linguistic)
    • To promote Inclusive and sustainable
      growth
    • Various Reforms in Civil Services

PRESSURE GROUPS AND FORMAL/INFORMAL ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE POLITY

  • What are pressure groups?
  • Types of pressure groups
  • Significance of pressure groups in India
  • Differentiate between a pressure group and a political party
  • Evaluation of pressure groups role

APPOINTMENT TO VARIOUS CONSTITUTIONAL POSTS, POWERS, FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF VARIOUS CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES

  • Appointment of CAG (procedure of appointment)- composition of CAG
  • Functions and responsibilities of CAG
  • Powers and privileges of CAG (provided by constitution and different Acts of Parliament.)
  • Appointment of ECI (procedure of appointment)- composition of ECI
  • Functions and responsibilities of ECI
  • Powers and privileges of ECI (provided by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament)
  • Appointment to UPSC (procedure of appointment)- composition of UPSC
  • Functions and responsibilities of UPSC
  • Powers and privileges of UPSC (provided by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament.)
  • Appointment to Finance commission (procedure of appointment)- composition of Finance commission
  • Functions and responsibilities of Finance commission
  • Powers and privileges of Finance commission (provided by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament.)
  • National commission for SCs and STs.

STATUTORY, REGULATORY AND VARIOUS QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES

  • SEBI, CVC, CBI, Planning Commission NDC, PMO
  • TRAI, IRDA
  • National Human Rights Commission
  • State Human Rights Commission
  • Central Information Commission
  • State Information Commission
  • National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
  • Medical Council of India
  • Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority
  • Biodiversity Authority of India
  • Press Council of India
  • Forward Markets Commission
  • Inland Waterways Authority of India
  • Role of CAG
  • 14th Finance Commission: Analysis
  • 7th Pay Commission Report and Repercussions
  • AFSPA and Second ARC
  • Inter-State River Water Dispute: Cauvery dispute
  • Role of Niti Aayog

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 CSAT Test 02 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 CSAT Test 02 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 02 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 CSAT Test 02 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 CSAT Test 01 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 CSAT Test 01 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 01 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 CSAT Test 01 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 06 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 06 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 06 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 06 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 05 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 05 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 05 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 05 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 04 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 04 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 04 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 04 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 03 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 03 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 03 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 03 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 02 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 02 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 02 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 02 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 01 With Solution PDF

0

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 01 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 01 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

GS SCORE Prelims 2022 Test 01 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Test 07 With Solution PDF

0

Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Test 07 With Solution PDF

Now you have made up your mind to become IAS officer and looking for the books and study materials to achieve your goal. Well, you are on the right page. Now We are Sharing With You Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Test 07 With Solution PDF.

We struggle hard to gather all these tests and Materials so if anyone subscribed any test series or material please forward us to [email protected], We remove all the tracing items from the pdf and We Respect Your Privacy.

Please Disable Adblocker if You are using any

 

Download UPSC PDF App from Google Play

Rau’s IAS Prelims 2022 Test 07 With Solution PDF

Click Here To Download

Get Other Vision Prelims Test

Click Here

Get Other Mains Test Series

Click here

If You want to share Your Study Material with Other send me  [email protected]

? Current Affairs 360° in just 2 minutes (Revise the Complete Notes).

? Read Less, Learn More.?

Download from Google App

If you don’t have access to  UPSC Prelims material  and UPSC Mains material and UPSC Optionals material  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine you can also follow their website and be updated.

All PDF which are provided here are for Education purposes only. Please utilize them for building your knowledge and don’t make them Commercial. We request you to respect our Hard Work. We are Providing Everything Free Here. UPSCPDF.com Will Not Charge Any Cost For Any Service Here.

If you are new to UPSC field, We recommend you to know about UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains and UPSC Optionals  and Test Series [Prelims/Mains] and also Magazine for better Understanding. All our Advertisements are Decent ads [we don’t compromise in the Quality] and if anyone have any problem with website or advertisements please contact me [email protected]

UPSCPDF.com does not own this book, neither created nor scanned. we just providing the links already available on Internet. if any way it violates the law or has any issues then kindly contact us. Thank you.

1...128129130...377Page 129 of 377
© All Right Reserved - UPSC Pdf