International Relation UPSC Mains Topic Wise Previous Year Questions (1979-2023
1. India and The World
1. UNITED NATION
- Briefly describe the founding of the United Nations. 1979
- Describe briefly about-UNESCO. 1979
- What does UNCTAD stand for? Where did it meet last? State briefly the result of the meeting. (50 words) 1983
- What do you know of the new Secretary-General of the United Nations? Mention some of the more challenging tasks he has to face in his new assignment. 1991
- When and where was the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held recently? What was its major decision? 1992
- What were the objects of the UN-sponsored elections in Cambodia? To what extent was the UN successful in bringing peace to Cambodia? Discuss. 1993
- What have been the recent recommendations of the World Bank on India’s Family Welfare programme? How do these recommendations compare with those which emerged from the Cairo Conference on Population and Development in 1994? 1995
- Write a note on the Economic and Social Council. 2000
- What does the UNCIP stand for? 2001
- Which is the latest right confirmed by the 57 session of the United Nations? 2001
- What is the ‘Veto’ in the UN-system? 2003
- Discuss the role of the United Nations in the protection and promotion of Human Rights. 2003
- What do the following stand for: (i) IBRD (ii) UNHCR. 2003
- Who is Hans Blix? 2003
- What is the significance of the Robin Island? 2003
- Write about UNIDO. (20 words) 2006
- Write on Universal Declaration of Human Rights (150 words) 2008
- World Food Programme (WEP) of the United Nations (UN). Comment.2011
- Critically review the international concern in achieving the targets set for the Millennium Development Goals. (150 words) 2012
- What are the aims and objectives of the Mcbride Commission of UNESCO? What is India’s position on these? 2016
- What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional commissions attached to it. 2017
- ‘Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life’. Discuss the statement in the light of US withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body being ‘anti-Israel bias’. 2019
2. UNITED STATE OF AMERICA
- Why did the USA withdraw her support from UNESCO? (50 words) 1984
- Who are known as the Contras in Central America? What is the American Governments’ policy towards them?(75 words) 1986
- Discuss the objectives of the Venice Summit held recently. Who were the participants? What were the major resolutions adopted at it? 1987
- Discuss the significance of the INF Treaty between Soviet Union and the USA. (125 words) 1988
- Write a short note on the recent shift in the US attitude towards the PLO. 1989
- Explain in brief the major shift in the American polio/ towards Kampuchea. (75 words) 1990
- What main topics were discussed at the NATO Summit at Rome recently and indicate the main trends which emerged out of it? 1991
- What punitive steps have been taken by the Bush administration against Pakistan to discourage it from its nuclear weapon programme? 1992
- Explain the background of and the reasons for the strained US-Japanese trade relations. 1994
- What strategic moves have recently been made by the USA and China in the South Pacific region? Is the USA withdrawing from this region? 1995
- In what respects can the recent bilateral deal between the USA and Japan be considered as mockery of the GATT treaty? 1995
- How has the Taiwan issue influenced US-China relations during the last one year? (250 words) 1996
- What was the Pathfinder by Mission? What were its main findings? 1997
- What fallout can the ‘Mir’ troubles have on the future of US- Russian Co-operation in space? 1997
- Who has claimed the responsibility for the recent bomb attacks on American embassies at Nairobi and Dar-E- Salam? What are their demands? 1998
- What are the reasons for the recent diplomatic confrontation between the USA and China? What specific measures have been taken by the USA to defuse the tension building up in the Taiwan Strait? 1999
- Explain the position of US visa-vis the League of Nations. 2000
- Discuss the global response to President George Bush’s ‘National Missile Defense Plan’ (NMD).2001
- Discuss the significance of Kyoto Protocol. Why is U.S.A. not signing it? 2001
- Explain the position of US visa-vis the League of Nations. 2001
- Highlight the main points of Nuclear Disarmament Treaty signed by US President George Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin in May 2002. 2002
- Explain US stand on the proposal for establishing an International Crime Court. 2002
- What is the significance of Enola Gay in world history? 2003
- Why is Guantanamo Bay in the news now? 2003
- Write about: Camp David Accord of 1978. (20 words) 2005
- Will a grand axis of India, China and Russia challenge the unipolar supremacy of the US? Elaborate your views. 2005
- Explain the China-US textile war. 2005
- What is a rogue state? 2005
- US policy on Iran’s nuclear programme. 2006
- “Thus USA is facing an existential threat in the form of a China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union.” Explain. (150 words) 2021
3. RUSSIA
- Why did USSR sent troops to Afghanistan? What are the broad issues involved? What has been India’s response to the Afghan situation? 1980
- When did the world come to know about Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor disaster and how? How does a Chernobyl type reactor work? What lessons can India draw from this accident? (125 words) 1986
- What are the main features of the agreement between Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and the West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl in July, 1990 on terms of German Unification? 1990
- Briefly describe the chain of major events towards the end of 1991
- which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachov. Who assumed the Soviet Unions membership in the United Nations including that in the Security Council. (250 words) 1991
- For what reasons have Russia and Japan failed to sign a peace treaty? What are the latest developments in this respect? 1992
- Indicate the principal issues that dominated the political debate in the presidential elections of 1996 in Russia. 1996
- Describe the recent significant developments in Sino-Russian relations. How have the Russian people reacted to these developments? (250 words) 1997
- What is the problem in Chechnya? 2003
- Write about G-5 Summit in Russia. 2006
- Does Putin’s return as President of Russia mark a shift to a confrontationist stance in international diplomacy towards the West? (150 words) 2012
4. CHINA
- What are the arrangements made about the future of Hong Kong? What role did China play in determining its future? (75 words)1985
- Who are the ‘Boat People’ of Hong Kong? What is the nature and magnitude of their problem?1991
- What is likely to be the impact on Hong Kong’s economy after its transfer to China?1997
- Why was Macau in the news recently?2001
- Answer the following, by expanding and explaining the objectives: ARF. 2004
- Write about Trade through Nathu La Pass. 2006
- Write note on China’s ‘peaceful rise’ doctrine. 2009
- Write about Sino-Myanmar relations. (50 words) 2009
5. COLOMBIA
- Strategies adopted by Colombia to eliminate its drug cartels. Comment. 2011
6. NUCLEAR POLICY
- Twenty-five years term of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty will come to an end in 1995. Some important members want it to be renewed, as it is, for another 25 or 50 years. What are its basic provisions and how will its renewal adversely affect India’s Interests? 1992
- Elaborate on India’s Nuclear Doctrine. 2007
- In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact Controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to this situation? (250 words) 2018
7. DISARMAMENT
- In what respect can the recent arms control agreement between the USA and Russia be considered as a big step forward towards disarmament? 1992
- What are the major objections of the various countries to the signing of the chemical weapons treaty? 1993
- What is meant by SDI? 2000
- Differentiate between SALT and START.2000
- Comment on the present status of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). What important issues, do you think, need to be taken up at the seventh review conference of the BWC scheduled for 2011? 2010
8. COLD WAR/POST-COLD WAR
- Discuss the role of the NATO after the end of the Cold War. 1992
9. INTERNATIONAL LAW
- Is there still a role for the concept of balance of power in contemporary international politics? Discuss. 2011
10. PEACE/PEACE TALKS/DEMONSTRATIONS
- To what extent has the withdrawal of Al-Shahah from Mogadishu given peace a real chance in Somalia? Assess. 2011
- Success of international intervention in Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). Comment. 2011
- Sculpture of the broken chair in front of the UN building at Geneva. Comment. 2011
11. TERRORISM
- Answer about Cyber-terrorism. 2005
- What in your opinion, are the causes of terrorism? Suggest suitable measures to deal with the threat of terrorism in India. (250 words) 2008
- Write brief note on your views on the recent Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order 2009′. 2009
- Cyber warfare is considered by some defense analysts to be a larger threat than even Al Qaeda or terrorism. What do you understand by Cyber warfare? Outline the cyber threats which India is vulnerable to and bring out the state of the country’s preparedness to deal with the same. (200 words) 2013
- ‘Terrorism is emerging as a competitive industry over the last few decades.” Analyse the above statement. 2016
- The scourge of terrorism is a grave challenge to national security. What solutions do you suggest to curb this growing menace? What are the major sources of terrorist funding? (250 words) 2017
12. ENVIRONMENT
- State as to what the SALT II stand for? 1979
- Where is Antarctica and what is there so special about it? What do you know of any ban on exploration in Antarctica? 1991
- What policy initiatives have been taken to reduce water pollution of major rivers in India? 1993
- Briefly describe the main achievements of Habitat I Conference in Istanbul. 1996
- There is a widespread concern about the degradation of environment and the problems that go with it. Assess the international response.2000
- Write about IPC Report on Global Warming. (20 words) 2008
- Comment on Rotterdam Convention. 2010
- Analyse critically the interlinkages between the Convention on Biological Diversity and FAO Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. (150 words) 2012
- Explain briefly the “Clean Development Mechanism” As provided under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (50 words) 2012
13. WATER
- Mention the main provisions of the new Treaty relating to the use of the High Seas under International Law, as adopted in 1982.
- Name the countries, which opposed the above law of sea convention and have not yet ratified the Treaty? (50 words) 1983
- Answer the following: Prospects of international water-wars. 2004
14. ENERGY
- What important issues were considered at the Conference held in August 1981 at Nairobi on new and renewable sources of energy under the auspices of the United Nations? What progress has been made in India towards the development of renewable sources of energy? (200 words) 1981
- Evaluate India’s approach towards meeting the country’s growing energy demands. Compare the success of this approach with that of another Asian giant which has perhaps the fastest growing energy demands. 2010
15. IRAN/IRAQ
- Why did Iran accept the UN Security Council Resolution for a cease-fire? When did it become operative? (125 words) 1988
- What were the basic differences between Iraq and Kuwait which led to the recent crisis in the Gulf? What were the reactions of various countries to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait? What are the likely repercussions in India? 1990
- What has been India’s stand in respect of the proposed sale of a nuclear reactor to Iran? 1991
- Comment on Al Gharib Prisoners. 2004
16. GERMANY
- Briefly indicate why and what types of problems were faced by the United Germany consequent on its unification. 1991
17. FRANCE
- Which event marked the outbreak of the French Revolution? What stands at that site today? 1989
- What circumstances led to the victory of Socialists in the parliamentary elections in France? 1997
18. AFGHANISTAN
- Describe the circumstances which led to the signing of the agreement on Afghanistan. What were its terms? (75 words) 1988
- What is the Golden Triangle? Why is it notorious? 1989
- Discuss the problem of factional politics in Afghanistan. 1994
- Write a note on the political developments in Afghanistan during the last year. 1996
- What is the Taliban Movement? How has it influenced the geopolitical equations in Asia? 1997
- Examine the developments in Afghanistan in the post-Taliban period. 2005
- Write about Terrorism: Sources in Pakistan and Afghanistan. 2006
- Write a brief note on Wakhan Corridor. 2009
- What is the major capacity-building and reconstruction projects being undertaken by India in Afghanistan? 2010
19. COMMONWEALTH
- What is ‘Commonwealth’ of Nations? Who are eligible for its membership? What are its aims? How does it function? Has any member left the Commonwealth? (150 words) 1980
- In what way India made a significant contribution at the CHOGM summit at Harare? Who will host the next CHOGM and when? 1991
20. SAARC
- Why was a referendum held recently in Nepal? What was its result? Does it affect in any way the bilateral relations between India and Nepal? Give reasons for your answer. (100 words) 1980
- Which countries met recently in New Delhi with a view to promote regional co-operation in South Asia? What are the areas selected at the above meeting, in which such co-operation would be of advantage to the participating countries? (75 words) 1983
- When and where was the first SAARC Summit Conference held? Who were the participants? What were the main points of the Charter? (75 words) 1986
- Discuss the significance of the 4th SAARC Summit. 1989
- What is the problem of the Chakma’s? Why have the Chakma refugees refused to go back to their homeland? 1993
- Recent SAARC Summit has been considered as a non-starter’ by some political observers while for others it has marked a watershed. Explain the two viewpoints. (250 words)1995
- What are the reasons for the slow progress of SAFTA? 1998
- What do the SAARC stand for? 2000
- Why is SAFTA being mooted? 2002
- Write about SAFTA. (20 words)2007
- Write about SAARC Summit-2007. 2007
- Write about SAARC Human Rights Report-2006. (20 words) 2007
- Comment: Ethnic conflicts in South Asia. 2009
- Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of several member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation).” Explain with suitable examples. 2016
- Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organization like the SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organization? 2022
21. WEST/ASIA/ARAB WORLD/ OIC
- Who were the main participants at the West Asian Peace Conference in Madrid and what were the main issues confronting the participants? What do you think has been achieved at the meet? 1991
- What is HAMAS? 1994
- Discuss the impact of change of government in Israel on the West Asia peace process. 1996
- What do the OIC stand for?2000
- What is GCC? 2001
- Outline the features of latest Saudi Peace Plan for West Asia Crisis and assess its importance. 2002
- Answer the following: ICJ verdict on Israel’s erection of barrier on the West Bank. 2004
- Write about Camp David Accord of 1978. 2005
- Write about Future of Indian expatriates in the Gulf. 2005
- Write about GCC. (20 words) 2008
- Examine the opportunities for a lasting West Asia peace solution in the context of the ‘historic’ talks started in September 2010. 2010
- “The causes and implications of the Jasmine Revolution and its spread are as much economic in nature as they are political.” Critically evaluate.2011
22. ASEAN
- Why was ASEAN formed? Who are its members? What has ASEAN achieved so far? What stand has it taken in respect of problems in Afghanistan and Kampuchea? (150 words) 1980
- What is ASEAN PLUS? What is its nature and duty? 1998
- What do the ASEAN stand for? 2000
- Who is Meghawati Sukarnoputri? 2001
23. EUROPE
- What are the general issues on which the organisation named Solidarity, started agitation in Poland under the leadership of Lech Walsea? Why are the countries both in Eastern and Western blocs in Europe deeply concerned about the above developments in Poland? (150 words) 1981
- What has been the role of the European Parliament? Did the recent elections to it reflect any change to member countries, particularly in Britain? 1989
- Why did the European power find it difficult to solve the Bosnian crisis? 1993
- What are the issues in the Bosnian tangle? 1994
- What is European Union? 2001
- Write about: Role of European Parliament. 2006
- In the context of the ‘Euro-zone’ debt crisis, examine the proposed ‘six-pack’ solution. Do you think that this has a better chance of success than the earlier Stability and Growth Pact? 2011
24. AFRICA
- What is Africa Fund? Who started it? What are its objectives? (50 words) 1987
- What were the proposals of President FW de Klerk on democratisation in South Africa? Why did the African National congress break off the negotiations? What steps are being taken to resume negotiations? (250 words) 1992
- What is the magnitude of the drought in Africa? 1992
- What are the causes of civil strife in Rwanda? 1994
- Discuss the causes and ramifications of hunger in Africa. 2005
- Comment: ‘NEPAD’ and its objectives. 2009
- Has the February agreement between the Sudanese government and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM ) been more successful in ending the strife in Darfur than the Abuja peace agreement of 2006? Evaluate. 2010
- Why have the resource rich African and South Asian countries remained poor for decades? Explain. (150 words) 2012
- “If the last few decades were of Asia’s growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa’s.” In the light of this statement, examine India’s influence in Africa in recent years. 2021
25. LATIN AMERICA
- What are the reasons for the intensification of the border dispute between Peru and Ecuador? 1995
26. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
- What was the G-7 Summit? When and where was it held? What were its achievements? (100 words) 1988
- Where was the G7 summit held recently? In what respects are its recommendations concerning India considered an exercise in hypocrisy? 1995
- What do you know about G-77? 2000
- What is G-8? 2001
- What do the following stand for? 2002
- WCAR
- SPDC
- INTERPOL
- What do the following stand for? (i) UNCHR (ii) UNIDO (iii) MIGA. 2002
- What is the main purpose of G-15? 2002
- Answer the following, by expanding and explaining the objectives (20 words): 2004
- BIMSTEC
- ARF
- Red Cross
- OPEC
- Write about the following, by expanding and explaining the objectives: 2006
- ICJ
- INTELSAT
- IBRD
- WMO
- Write about G-8 Summit 2007. 2007
- Write about the following by expanding and explaining the objectives: 2007
- BEMs
- IAEA
- BIMSTEC
- Write about G-77. (20 words) 2008
- Write about I.C.R.C. (20 words) 2008
- Write about MERCOSUR. (20 words)2008
- Write about INTERPOL. (20 words)2008
- “Compared to the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Co-operation Free Trade Area (BIMSTEC FTA) seems to be more promising.” Critically evaluate. 2011
- Compare the significance of IBSA and BRIGS in the context of India’s multilateral diplomacy. (100 words) 2012
- What is meant by the G8+5 group? (50 words) 2012
- Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the COVID-19 pandemic. (150 words) 2020
- Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO. What importance does it hold for India? 2021
- How will 12U2 (India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India’s position in global politics?2022
- Clean energy is the order of the day.’ Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international for a in the context of geopolitics. 2022
27. W.T.O
- What does WTO stand for?2002
- What is WTO? What are India’s objections to its overall functioning?2004
- What do we understand by ‘Doha Round’ of talks? 2006
- WTO is an important international institution where decisions taken affect countries in a profound manner. What is the mandate of WTO and how binding are their decisions? Critically analyse India’s stand on the latest round of talks on Food Security. 2014
- “The broader aims and objectives of WTO are to manage and promote international trade in the era of globalisation. But the Doha round of negotiations seem doomed due to differences between the developed and the developing countries.” Discuss in the Indian perspective. 2016
28. NEPAL
- Discuss the contentious issues that have caused the prolonged constitutional logjam in Nepal. (250 words) 2012
29. MISCELLANEOUS
- Name the Head of the State of Yugoslavia. 1979
- Write down 100 words on The New International Economic Order. 1979
- Where is the island of Diego Garcia? To which country does it belong? For what purpose is it used? Why has it come prominently in the news? (150 words)1980
- Write short note on Asian Charter for Health Development. 1980
- Write short notes on the following. Your answer should cover inter alia the points mentioned under each:
- Falklands War: Location of the islands: parties to the conflict: main issues involved: effect of the war on the combatant countries and the countries supporting them: effects on future military strategy. (150 words)
- IMF Loan to India: Reasons for seeking the loan assistance: quantum of loan sanctioned: amounts so far released by IMF. Corrective measures taken by the Government of India in pursuance of their discussions with IMF. (100 words) 1982
- Summaries the reasons for which Western Powers oppose the imposition of mandatory economic sanctions against the racist Pretorian regime. How far are these arguments valid?(150 words) 1986
- What led to the signing of Tripartite Accord with TNV? What are its main points? (150 words) 1988
- What led General Ne Win to resign from power? What were its immediate results? (75 words) 1988
- Name the seven richest industrialized nations of the world. When and where did they meet recently? What were the broad agreements arrived at the meetings? 1990
- What has been the significant event in Myanmar? What may be the possible outcome of the event? 1990
- Who has been chosen as the first Non-Communist leader in four decades in Bulgaria? What are its political repercussions? 1990
- What is the genesis of the Yugoslav unrest? What has been the reaction of the European Community towards it?(75 words)1991
- What is Eager Mace? What have been its objectives and in what respect has it been criticised?1992
- What are the significant achievements of G-7 summit held in1993? 1993
- What do you know about the formation of Eritrea? What is the magnitude of the problems which it faces? (50 words)1993
- Describe the problem of KOSOVO?1998
- What is the significance of Pope John Paul I’s visit to Cuba?1998
- Why was a variant of Basmati rice in news recently?1998
- What is the theory of “Clash of Civilisation”?2000
- What do the KLA stand for?2001
- Why has Slobodan Milosevic been in news in the recent past?2001
- Who is Gao Zhan?2001
- Who is Xanana Gusmao?2002
- What do you mean by Uni-Polar World?2002
- What do you know about North South dialogue?2002
- Why was David Kelly in the news recently?2003
- What does the theory of “end of history” mean?2003
- Describe the role of the Amnesty International Security human rights. 2004
- Write about: Military rule in Myanmar. 2005
- Answer the following, by expanding or explaining: (a) OAPEC (b) IFAD (c) UPU (d) SAVE (e) ODA. (10 words) 2005
- Write about: Pakistan’s role in Sri Lanka. 2006
- Write about: Expanding role of Amnesty International. 2006
- Write about: Outer Space Treaty. 2006
- Write about: Summit of Japanese Troops from Iraq. 2006
- Write about: Maastricht Treaty. 2006
- Write about: Cuba and Castro. 2006
- Examine the recent developments towards the solution of the Bangladesh-Myanmar maritime boundary dispute. What implications do these have for India? 2006
- Write about India and East Asia Summit (EAS). (20 words) 2007
- Write about Shanghai Co-operation Organization (SCO).(20 words) 2007
- Write about Indian All-Women Contingent to Liberia. (20 words)2007
- Write about Madheshis in Nepal. 2007
- Write about Global Governance.2007
- Write about Operation Silence.2007
- Write about New Seven Wonders of the world. (20 words) 2008
- Write on South-South Co-operation. 2008
- Write about Geopolitics and Geostrategy. (50 words) 2009
- Comment on The Mavi Marmara incident. 2010
- Comment on Significance of the Kampala declaration of the International Criminal Court (ICC). 2010
- Comment on Trial chamber of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) and its recent verdict. 2010
2. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
1. FOREIGN POLICY OF INDIA
- The policy of non-alignment was enunciated by Pandit Nehru and it has become a cornerstone of the foreign policy of Independent India. What are the principles underlying the concept of non-alignment? Has this policy been fruitful? Give reasons for your views. (150 words) 1980
- How often do the Heads of State/Governments of the Nonaligned countries meet? When and where did it meet first? Who is the chairman of NAM now? What were the main points agreed to at the last meeting of the conference of the Heads of State/Government and included in the “New Delhi Message.” (150 words) 1983
- Why was Kampuchea’s seat allowed to remain vacant in the last NAM Conference? 1983
- What are the highlights of the draft nuclear doctrine formulated by the National Security Advisory Board? What shortcomings have been pointed out in media reports relating to the same? 1999
- Answer the following (20 words): 2000
- What does Track Two Diplomacy stand for?
- Non-alignment is a need, not a creed. Elaborate.
- Differentiate between Peace-making and Peacekeeping.
- What is deterrence?
- Why has the indigenous development of the Cryogenic Engine become necessary for India?
- How can India accommodate her foreign policy principle of “non-intervention’ with the emerging right to ‘intervention”? 2000
- Differentiate between Collective security and Cooperative security. 2000
- What does “Gujral doctrine’ stand for? 2002
- “NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) is relevant in Unipolar World as well.” Comment. 2002
- The Panchsheel Pact. (20 words) 2004
- Discuss the role of intelligence in the making of foreign policy. 2004
- Examine the relevance of Pt. Jawaharial Nehru’s ideas in the international relations of today. 2004
- Present a complete picture of India’s efforts for a permanent seat in the UN Security Council. 2005
- Write about Panchsheel in India’s Foreign Policy. (20 words) 2007
- Write about the Relevance of NAM. 2007
- Write about India’s Ocean Development Policy. 2008
- Write about the Council for Promotion of Overseas Employment (CPOE). (20 words) 2008
- Write about the Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) Scheme. (20 words) 2008
- Write a note on India’s soft’ and ‘hard” power strategy in Foreign Policy. 2009
- Write a brief note on Nuclear Supply Group (NSG) and India. 2009
- Critically examine the implications of the disintegration of the Soviet Union on India’s security and strategic perspectives. What further responses would you suggest in India’s foreign policy to accommodate these implications? 2010
- What is meant by the Gujral doctrine? Does it have any relevance today? Discuss. (200 words) 2013
- Discuss the impediments, India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in the UN Security Council. 2015
- Project Mausam” is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of Indian government to improve relationship with its neighbours. Does the project have a strategic dimension? Discuss. 2015
- The question of India’s Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyse India’s energy policy co-operation with West Asian countries. (250 words) 2017
2. INDO-PAK RELATION
- Why has the Siachen Glacier been in the news? What could be the main purpose behind the Indo-Pak parleys on the issue? 1989
- What has been the clinching evidence about the receipt of M-11 missiles by Pakistan? 1995
- Where and when was the meeting between the Prime Minister of India and Pakistan held in 1997? What were the main decisions taken and what follow-up action has been taken?
- Explain in brief, the observations made by the leaders of the Group of Eight countries in their meeting in Cologne on Kargil intrusion by Pakistan.1999
- India’s Kargil victory rested on its successful effort at combining diplomacy with the use of force. Discuss. 2000
- What do you know about Siachin Dispute? 2000
- Why does India object to Kashmir being treated as a disputed territory? 2001
- Discuss the importance of the Agra Summit on Indo-Pakistan relations. 2003
- What has been the nature of “Track Il diplomacy” between India and Pakistan? 2003
- Discuss the role played by the United States in promoting/ hindering improved relations between India and Pakistan. 2004
- Hot Line between Islamabad and New Delhi. (20 words) 2004
- Write about MEN status to India by Pakistan. 2005
- Write about simla Agreement. (20 words) 2006
- Write about major hurdles in Indo-Pak ties. (20 words) 2008
- The situation today, is far different to that prevalent, fifty years back when the Indus Water Treaty was signed. Highlight the complexity of the current India and World challenges on both sides of the border, in this regard. Do you think that a review of the Treaty is in India’s best interests? (250 words) 2012
- Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India – Pakistan relations. To what extent the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchange could help generate goodwill between the two countries. Discuss with suitable examples. 2015
3. INDO-NIGERIA
- Write about India-Nigeria: Abuja Declaration. (20 words) 2008
4. INDO- RUSSIA
- When was the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Co-operation between the Republic of India and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics signed? What are the important provisions of the treaty and what is its duration? How has the Treaty served India’s interests? Does it affect India’s position as a prominent member of the Non-aligned Group of Nations? 1981
- What were the highlights of the discussions held between the Indian Prime Minister and the Soviet President during former’s visit to Moscow in July, 19902 Evaluate its impact on the future course of Indo-Soviet relations. (250 words) 1990
- Discuss the impact of the collapse of the Soviet Union on Indo-Russian relations.2003
- Explain India’s strategic relationship with Russia.2004
- Indo-Russian Defence Co-operation. 2007
- Write note on India-Russia Defence Ties. 2009
5. INDO-JAPAN
- How far have Japan’s principles of Hikaku San Gensoku impacted bilateral ties with India? 2010
- Economic ties between India and Japan while growing in the recent years are still far below their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth. (200 words) 2013
- “The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole”. Comment. 2019
6. INDIA AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA
- Which organisation prepared the report entitled Our Global Neighbourhood’? What are its major recommendations? 1995
- Why has ‘Baring’ been in the news? Who has been held responsible for its present situation? 1995
- What is India’s ‘Look East Policy’? 2001
- Explain the problem of infiltration in eastern parts of India. 2001
- What is Mekong-Ganga Co-operation? 2005
- Write about Look East Policy and North-East India.(20 words) 2008
- Write a note on India’s strategic interests in South Asia. 2009
- Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India’s Look East Policy, in the context of the Post-Cold War international scenario. 2016
7. INDIA-BHUTAN
- Write notes on Indo-Bhutan Relations. (150 words) 2008
- Write about Indo-Bhutan trade relations. (50 words) 2009
8. INDIA-SAUDI ARABIA
- List the salient features of the Riyadh declaration and the bilateral agreements between India and Saudi Arabia signed earlier this year. 2010
9. INDIA-CENTRAL ASIA
- List the Central Asian Republics and identify those of particular strategic and economic importance to India. Examine the opportunities and bottlenecks in enhancing relations with these countries. 2011
- A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of interest of India. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India’s joining the Ashgabat Agreement, 2018. (150 words) 2018
10. NUCLEAR POLICY OF INDIA
- It is universally realized that an immediate halt to the nuclear arms race is imperative. A six-nation summit on Nuclear Disarmament was held in India this year. 1985
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- When and where was this meeting held?
- Who were the participants?
- What were the chief aims of this summit?
- What were its declarations?
- What are your comments on it? (150 words)
- What stand was taken by India at the recent Security Council Summit in regard to Nuclear Non-Proliferation? What major decision was taken by the Summit? 1992
- On what grounds did India not sign the CTBT? 1997
- Differentiate and state the significance of Pokharan 1 and Pokharan II. 2000
- What are the prospects of CTBT? 2000
- Differentiate between Explosion and Implosion. 2000
- Outline the salient features of India’s nuclear policy and explain the reasons for India’s refusal to sign the CTBT. 2001
- Account for India’s opposition to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. 2002
- What do you know about ‘Pinaka’? 2002
- Explain India’s ‘No first Use’ policy in context of Nuclear weapons. 2002
- What is India’s ‘Look East’ Policy? 2006
- Write about Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. 2006
- Subsequent to the Nuclear Suppliers’ Group (NSG) waiver in 2008, what are the agreements on nuclear energy that India has signed with different countries? 2011
- With growing energy needs should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy programme? Discuss the facts and fears associated with nuclear energy. (250 words) 2018
12. NRIs/INDIAN DIASPORA
- Answer the following:
- What does the Global organisation of people of Indian origin stand for?
- What is the impact of economic sanctions against India on NRIs?
- Why is Fiji crisis of 19 May 2000 a specific concern for India?
- Examine the role of NRIs in the liberalisation process of India.
- Mention a few NRIs who have brought name and fame for India. (50 words)2000
- Answer the following (20 words):
- In what fields have NRI’s excelled in the developed countries?
- In which specialities Indians are most wanted abroad ?
- What efforts are being made by the Indian Government to look after NRIs?
- What is the contribution of the NRI’s to India’s development?
- Why do NRI’s retain their emotional attachment to India?2001
- Answer the following (20 words):
- What are the problems NRIs have to face if they decide to settle in India?
- What was India Millennium Deposit Scheme?
- What has been the impact of Gulf remittances on India’s economy?
- Name the nodal agency to deal with issues relating to Indians abroad and explain its main task.
- What is the distinction between “Non Resident Indian’ and People of India origin? 2002
- Answer the following (20 words):
- Under what conditions are NRIs permitted to remit deposits in India in any currency of their choice?
- How can NRIs be attracted to invest in India?
- What is the significance of the Pravasi Bhartiya Divas in modern India?
- In what ways did Idi Amin make life difficult for the people of Indian origin in his country?
- What is “Brain drain”? 2003
- Answer the following (20 words): Categorise the People of Indian Origin Point out the difference between the Diaspora and the Indian Diaspora. What are the references made to the Union Budget July 2004? What is known as reverse migration? Why was January 9 chosen to observe the NRI (Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas) Day? 2004
- Write about the following (20 words):
- (a)Contribution of the NRIs to GCC countries.
- (b) Future of Indians in Fiji.
- (c) Indians in the House of Lords, UK.
- (d) Contribution of Indians in Silicon Valley.
- (e) Exodus of persons of Indian origin from Uganda. 2006
- Write about Pravasi Bhartiya Bima Yojana, 2006. (20 words) 2007
- Write about Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs. (20 words) 2007
- Write about Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas. 2008
- Write about Indian Diaspora in Singapore. 2008
- Write about Indian Diaspora and Bollywood. 2008
- Assess the contributions of Indian Diaspora in the Caribbean. 2010
- Write a short analytical note on Indian Diaspora. How is the “New Diaspora” different from the “Old Diaspora”? (150 words) 2012
- Indian Diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian countries’ economy and society. Appraise the role of Indian Diaspora in South-East Asia in this context. (250 words) 2017
- ‘Indian diaspora has a decisive role to play in the politics and economy of America and European Countries’. Comment with examples. (150 words) 2020
13. INDIA-ISREAL
- When and why did India establish full diplomatic relations with Israel? (50 words) 1992
- What recent developments have been responsible for bringing India and Israel closer? What progress has been made in this direction during the last one year? Discuss. (250 words)
- Answer the following: India-Israel Co-operation. 1993
- Write about India-Israel Co-operation in the field of agriculture.2006
- Do you agree with the view that Israel is a natural ally’ of India? 2010
- “India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back.” Discuss. (150 words) 2018
14. INDO-IRAN
- Examine the latest phase of Indo-Iran relations. 2001
- Explain the political and economic implications of the Indo-Iran gas pipeline. 2005
- How have the US sanctions against Iran affected India’s bilateral relations with Iran? (100 words) 2012
15. INDIA-NEPAL
- What are the differences in the approaches of India and Nepal to the transit-trade question? How is this question complicated by other issues? (250 words) 1989
- Write briefly about the pro-democracy Movement in Nepal and its latest outcome.1990
- In what sense is Indo-Nepal Co-operation important for both countries’ national security? 2003
- Answer the following: Weak-spots in India-Nepal relations. (20 words) 2004
16. INDO-US
- How far in your opinion, is the recent Indo-US Agreement on technology transfer likely to help us? What are its disadvantages? (75 words) 1985
- What is Super-301? Why is India concerned about it and how has she reacted to it? (250 words) 1989
- What are the unique features of ‘Agni’ launched recently by India? When and from where was it launched? What has been the reaction of the USA? (50 words) 1992
- How have the Indo-US relations improved during the last two years? Discuss. (100 words) 1993
- Examine the present status of Indo-US relations. What are the major irritants in the relations between the two countries? (250 words) 1994
- How did US respond to the problem of Cross border terrorism in the State of Jammu and Kashmir after the Kaluchak events? 2002
- Discuss the major issues in Indo-US relations in recent times. (150 words) 2003
- What is the ‘strategies partnership’ between India and United States of America? What are its implications for both the partners? 2006
- Write about Indo-US military Co-operation in about 20 words. 2006
- Write about Hyde Act of 2006. 2007
- Comment: India-USA as strategic partners. 2009
- Discuss the Indo-US knowledge initiative in Agriculture. 2009
- Comment on the reason for the recent hike in visa processing fees for certain categories of US visas. What is the likely impact of this hike on India? 2010
- Discuss the likely negative impact of the protectionist measures proposed by the US on India’s software industry. (150 words) 2012
- India and USA are two large democracies. Examine the basic tenets on which the two political systems are based. (250 words) 2018
- What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India’s national self esteem and ambitions. Explain with suitable examples. 2019
- What is the significance of Indo-US defence deals over Indo Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (250 words) 2020
17. INDO-FRENCH
- In what respects is the Prime Minister Narasimha Rao’s recent visit to France considered to be most productive and useful? (50 words) 1995
- Analyze the recent French response to India’s diplomatic efforts for promoting Indo-French friendship. (100 words) 1999
18. INDIA-BANGLADESH
- Why is India raising barbed wire fencing on Bangladesh border? (50 words) 1984
- What are the broad decisions of the meetings of the Indo-Bangladesh Joint River Commission held in June, 1990? (30 words) 1990
- Discuss the developments which led to the setting up of a caretaker government in Bangladesh. (50 words) 1996
- What is the significance of Pyrdiwah and Boraibari in Indo-Bangladesh relations? (20 words) 2001
- How does India benefit from good neighbourly relations with Bangladesh? (20 words) 2002
- Discuss the major irritants to Indo-Bangladesh relations. (20 words) 2003
- India’s response to political crisis in Bangladesh. (150 words) 2007
- Write about India-Bangladesh Border Road cum fencing.(20 words) 2008
- The protests in Shahbag Square in Dhaka in Bangladesh reveal a fundamental split in society between the nationalists and Islamic forces. What is its significance for India? (200 words) 2013
19. INDIA-MALDIVES
- Discuss the political developments in Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of any cause of concern to India? (200 words) 2013
20. INDO-SOUTH AFRICA
- What is the significance of the agreements signed between India and South Africa during the first official visit of President Nelson Mandela to India recently? (50 words) 1995
- What are the salient features of the political and economic relationship between India and South Africa? 2011
- Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically Examine. 2015
21. INDIA-SRI LANKA
- Has the IPKF been able to achieve the goal set before it by the terms of the Indo Sri Lanka Agreement? What are the options available to India? (150 words) 1988
- Discuss Indian-Sri Lankan relations in recent years. (150 words) 2000
- Explain India’s stand on LTTE. 2002
- In respect of India-Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy. (200 words) 2013
- India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka.’ Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in the light of the preceding statement.2022
22. INDO-CHINA
- What are the terms of India-China trade-pact signed recently? (75 words) 1984
- Discuss the major irritants in Indo-China relations and highlight the latest moves to overcome these. (150 words) 2002
- Discuss the recent trends in India’s relations with China. (150 words) 2003
- Discuss the recent trends in India’s relations with China. 2004
- Write short note on Indians in China. (20 words) 2005
- Write notes on India and China: Strategy to Boost Ties. (150 words) 2008
- Evaluate the prospects for greater economic co-operation between India and China. 2009
- Critically examine the security and strategic implications of the so-called ‘string of pearls’ theory for India. 2011
- Trace the progress of India’s efforts for a joint counter terrorism strategy with China. What are the likely implications of the recent Xinjiang violence on these efforts. 2011
- Do you think that China’s emergence as one of the largest trading partners of India had adversely affected the settlement of the outstanding border problem? (250 words) 2012
- What are India’s stakes in the South China Sea? (50 words) 2012
- What do you understand by “The String of Pearls”? How does it impact India? Briefly outline the steps taken by India to counter this. (200 words)2013
- With respect to the South China sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China. 2014
- “China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia.” In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbour. (150 words) 2017
- The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (PEC) is viewed as a cardinal subset of China’s larger ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative. Give a brief description of CPEC and enumerate the reasons why India has distanced itself the same. (150 words) 2018
- The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnership in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario. (250 words) 2021
23. EXTERNAL SECURITY AND RELATED MATTERS/BORDER MANAGMENT
- Review briefly the present state of India’s economic relations with the neighbouring countries-Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma and Sri Lanka and indicate how the mutual interests of India and these countries could be promoted through bilateral economic Cooperation. Identify a few areas or projects in which it would be in our interests to secure the Cooperation of one or more of our neighbours. (500 words) 1980
- What is ‘Star Wars’? Explain the stand India has taken on this Issue. Trace the recent political development in Fji. How is India concerned with the developments there? (150 words) 1985
- What were the major recommendations of the group of ministers on the Indian National Security System? 2001
- Discuss India’s policy towards international terrorism. (20 words) 2003
- How far are India’s internal security challenges linked with border management particularly in view of the long porous borders with most countries of South Asia and Myanmar? (200 words) 2013
- ‘The diverse nature of India as a multi-religious and multi-ethnic society is not immune to the impact of radicalism which is seen in her neighbourhood.” Discuss along with strategies to be adopted to counter this environment. 2014
- International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above their territory. What do you understand by airspace”? What are the implications of these laws on the space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges which this poses and suggest ways to contain the threat. 2014
- How does illegal transborder migration pose a threat to India’s security? Discuss the strategies to curb this, bringing out the factors which give impetus to such migration. 2014
- In 2012, the longitudinal marking for high-risk areas for piracy was more from 65 degrees east to 78 degrees east in the Arabian Sea by the International Maritime Organization. What impact does this have on India’s maritime security concerns? 2014
- China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for the development of an economic corridor. What threat does this pose for India’s security? Critically examine. 2014
- Religious indoctrination via social media has resulted in Indian youth joining ISIS. What is ISIS and its mission? How can ISIS be dangerous to the internal security of our country? 2015
- Border management is a complex task due to difficult terrain and hostile relations with some countries. Elucidate the challenges and strategies for effective border management 2016
- Cross-border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security challenges facing the policing of the border in North-East India. Examine the various challenges currently emanating across the India-Myanmar border. Also, discuss the steps to counter the challenges. (250 words) 2019
- For effective border area management, discuss the steps required to be taken to deny local support to militants and also suggest ways to manage favourable perceptions among (150 words) 2020
24.INDO-AFGHANISTAN
- Briefly write about India’s role In Afghanistan Today (20 words)2008
- The proposed withdrawal of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) from Afghanistan In 2014 is fraught with major security implications for the countries of the region. Examine in light of the fact that India is faced with a plethora of challenges and needs to safeguard Its own strategic interests. (200 words) 2013
25. MISCELLANEOUS
- What is NAMEDIA? When and where was its first Conference held? Who were the participants? What are the main declarations of the Conference? (100 words) 1984
- What are India’s island territories? What efforts are being made to safeguard them? (100 words) 1984
- What is ‘South Sout Commission’? When and where was it formed? Who are its President and General Secretary? What are its main objectives? (200 words) 1987
- What was ‘Operation Black Thunder’? When was it launched? What did it achieve? (75 words) 1988
- Describe the salient features of GNLF Accord with the Government. How does it differ from the original GNLF demands? (75 words) 1988
- What was the achievement of ‘Varuna”?1988
- What is Aid India Consortium? What has been its role in India’s recent economic growth? (75 words)1988
- What is ‘Operation Rhino’? Why was it resorted to and to what extent you think it has been a success? (75 words) 1991
- What role has India to play in the recent happenings in Myanmar? (50 words) 1994
- What do you understand by ‘G-15’? 2001
- What were the main strategic concerns of the Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri during her recent visit to India? 2002
- Answer on European Union’s trade restrictions against India. (20 words) 2004
- Write short note on Future of Indian expatriates in the Gulf. (20 words) 2005
- Write about ICT4D by expanding and explaining the objectives. (20 words) 2007
- Write about Impact of globalisation on state system and its institutions. (150 words) 2007
- Write about Know India Programme (KIP). (20 words) 2007
- Write about Indo-EU Economic Ties. 2008
- Write notes on India and the New World Order. (150 words) 2008
- Highlight the role of the Indian peacekeeping contingent as part of MONUSCO. 2010