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UPSCPDF Editorial Analysis: INSA
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Adequacy, access, affordability and appropriate sustainability — decoding the INSA-CSTIP four-pillar framework that treats coal, renewables, gas, biomass and clean tech as one integrated system on the road to self-reliance by 2047 and net-zero by 2070. A recent policy brief by the Indian National Science Academy (INSA), through its Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (CSTIP), proposes a unified national energy policy framework for India built on four pillars — adequacy, access, affordability and appropriate sustainability. Its central argument is that India can no longer plan coal, renewables, gas, biomass and emerging clean technologies in separate silos; they must be coordinated as parts of a single, resilient system. The brief lands at a symbolic moment. In June 2025 India crossed 50% of its installed electricity capacity from non-fossil sources — five years ahead of its 2030 Paris (NDC) target — and by early 2026 non-fossil capacity had climbed to roughly 2
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