GS Paper 1 UPSC 2023 (Mains) question paper and & model answer by Shubham Kumar (AIR 1, CSE 2020) and Kartik Jivani (AIR 8, CSE 2020).

Shubham Kumar (AIR 1, CSE 2020) and Kartik Jivani (AIR 8, CSE 2020), alumni of IIT Bombay  and batchmates (IAS 2021), have collaborated to provide a unique resource. Utilizing expertise  in Coding, Artificial Intelligence, and UPSC CSE, they offer Model Answers for UPSC CSE 2023 Mains  GS Papers.

Our AI-driven approach, based on the UPSC syllabus, ensures accurate, curated answers with minimal human intervention. Deep Learning enhances precision. This resource, beyond ordinary chatGPT, aims to support your journey to success.


UPSC conducted the General Studies Paper 1, as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2023 on 16-09-2023.

The question paper comprises a total of 20 questions. Out of these, 10 questions are of 10 marks each, and the rest of the 10 questions are of 15 marks.

Further details related to UPSC CSE GS Paper 1 Mains 2023 is provided below.

GS Paper 1 UPSC 2023: Instructions

Check the exam instructions mentioned on the UPSC CSE GS 1 mains question paper:

  • Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
  • There are 20 questions printed both in ENGLISH and HINDI.
  • All questions are compulsory.
  • The number of marks carried by a question/part is printed against it.
  • Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
  • No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
  • Answers to questions no. 1 to 10 should be in 150 words, whereas answers to questions no. 11 to 20 should be in 250 words.
  • Keep the word limit indicated in the questions in mind.
  • Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.
  • The content of the answer is more important than its length.

General Studies Paper 1 Question Paper & Model Answer: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

Click To Download Model Answer

Q 1: Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. (Answer in 150 words)

Q 2: What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism? (Answer in 150 words)

Q 3: Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world. (Answer in 150 words)

Q 4: Discuss the consequences of climate change on the food security in tropical countries. (Answer in 150 words)

Q 5: Why is the world today enfronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? (Answer in 150 words)

Q6: How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world? (Answer in 150 words)

Q 7: Why is the South-West Monsoon called Purvaiys’ (easterly) in Bhojpur Region? How has this directional seasonal wind systems influenced the cultural ethos of the region? (Answer in 150 words)

Q 8: Do you think marriage as a sacrament is loosing its value in Modern India? (Answer in 150 words)

Q 9: Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society. (Answer in 150 words)

Q 10: Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children. (Answer in 250 words)

Q 11: What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society? (Answer in 250 words)

Q 12: What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society? (Answer in 250 words)

Q 13: How did the colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to the colonial oppression? (Answer in 250 words)

Q 14: Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas. (Answer in 250 words)

Q 15: Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forest regions of India. (Answer in 250 words)

Q 16: Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India? (Answer in 250 words)

Q 17: From being net food importer in 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons. (Answer in 250 words)

Q 18: Does urbanisation lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises? (Answer in 250 words)

Q 19: Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static? (Answer in 250 words)

Q 20: Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism. (Answer in 250 words)


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