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::Science & Technology ::

Science And Technology (Prelims)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA

  • Policy Development of S&T in India
    • Role of S&T in the Developing World
    • S&T Policy in India
      • The S&T Policy Resolution in 1958
      • S&T Policy of the 1983
      • S&T Policy of the 2003
      • S&T Policy 2013
    • Science and technology as a source of Human Resource Development
    • Awards related to Science
    • New Initiatives Aligned with the National Agenda
    • India and World collaboration in science projects
    • Technology Vision Document 2035
    • National Biotechnology Development Strategy 2015-2020
    • National Intellectual Property Rights Policy
    • Organ donation rules in India
    • Policy on Synthetic Biology
  • Different Organization Institution and Various Department for the S&T
    • List of Various Centre Institutions and Bureaus
    • Ministries and Department for science and Technology
    • Institutional structure
    • Department of Science & Technology
    • CSIR
    • Survey of India
    • Science and Engineering Research Council
    • Technology Development Board
    • National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories

SPACE

  • Space Research Programme, Orbits and Launch
    • Space Technology
    • Indian Space research Programme
    • ISRO and ANTRIX
    • Orbits Type
    • Satellite Launching Systems
    • Terminologies Related to the Space Science
  • Satellites, Launch Vehicles and India Satellite Programmes
    • Earth Observation Systems
    • Satellite Communication in India
    • Remote sensing applications – IRS Sytems
    • INSAT Satellite Application
    • GSAT Satellite Application
    • Launch vehicle Technology
    • GSLV and Various Engine
    • Recent National and International Space Missions
    • Cryogenic rockets
      • Global Positioning System
      • Galileo
      • GLONASS
      • IRNSS
      • GAGAN
    • Chandrayaan – I & II
    • Mars Orbitor Mission
      • Space Organisations
      • Space race/Space junk
    • Recent updates
      • South Asia Satellite: Significance
      • Neutrino Observatory
      • Solar Mission- ADITYA
      • Gravitational Waves
    • RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
      • Spitzer Space Telescope
      • Chandra X-Ray Observatory
      • Multi Application Solar Telescope
      • Thirty Metre Telescope
      • Resourcesat-2A
      • Astrosat
      • Sunspot
      • Magnetars
      • Neutron stars
      • Air-breathing propulsion system
      • Space Junk
      • Graveyard Orbit
      • Super cluster of galaxies known as “Saraswati”.
      • NASA: Asteroid impact and deflection assessment mission.
      • Commercial use of Lithium-Ion batterytechnology
      • Hyperspectral imaging satellite
      • Water propulsion system in CUBESAT
      • Saturn-cassini Mission
      • OSIRIS-Rex passed by earth to reach asteroid Bennu
      • Hackathon # Open Gov Data Hack
      • Google Lunar X Prize Competition
      • NASA-ISRO synthetic aperture radar satellite (NISAR)
      • GSAT-17 heaviest communication satellite of ISRO
      • Astrosat, Chandra and Hubble Jointly detect massive cosmic explosion
      • Scientists create fi rst global map of water on moon
      • World’s largest aircraft “Strato launch”
      • MOM complete 3 years in orbit
      • Solar mission Aditya L-1 in 2019
      • Gravitational waves news
      • Radio galaxies
      • Indigenously developed S-Band Doppler weather radar
      • Kelvin waves
      • ISRO made satellite based chip system
      • TDRS-M NASA
      • Neutrino Observatory
      • Indian Space Vision-2025
        • ‘NIRBHAY’ sub sonic cruise missile
        • Brahmos
        • INS Koltar
        • INS Kiltan
        • NAG missile
        • Hydrogen bomb
        • Vikram OPV
        • Integrated Quarter Master Package
        • INS Kalvari
        • Prithvi II
        • Air Independent Propulsion
        • Rukmini

IT & COMMUNICATION

  • Different Regulatory Bodies in India for ICT
    • Ministry of Communication and information Technology
    • Initiatives in 12th 5 year plan
    • Major Policy Initiatives National Optical Fibre network
    • Spectrum Management
    • Government initiatives
    • Cyber Law
  • Computer Terminology and Fundamental
    • History of Computers
    • Types of Computer
    • Component of Computer system
      • Computer Languages
      • Generation of computers
    • Computer terminologies
    • Supercomputer and its applications
    • Display technologies
    • Cathode ray
    • LCD
    • LED
    • Plasma Monitors
    • OLED
  • Mobile Generations and Technology
    • Definition and Impact of ICT on Society
    • Evolution of Telecommunication
    • Media Transmission technology
    • Wireless , Optical Fibres, VSAT SIM IMEI 3G 4 G VolTE Wi Max
    • Mobile generations
      • Smartphone
      • Important concepts
    • Internet, Types of Network and e- Governance
      • Internet
      • WWW
      • IP
      • URL
      • HTTP
      • Computer Security Tools: firewalls, hackers
      • Global Internet Governance e
      • Internet of things
      • Internet Protocol
      • VPN
      • Networking : Bluetooth , WiFIHotSpot
      • National E Governance Plan
      • Recent Developments
        • Government initiatives
        • Digital India Initiative
        • MeghRaj
        • Code Free for India
        • E-Kranti
        • Bharat Net project
        • Bharat QR
        • Contemporary debates
        • Net Nuetrality
        • Internet of Things
        • Big Data Initiative and Privacy
        • Cyber crime and security
      • Spectrum Policy, Broad Band Policy
        • Spectrum Policy in India
        • Spectrum
        • Mobile Spectrum
        • Broadband Policy in India
        • Cloud Computing
        • Big Data
        • Encyption
        • Biometrics
        • Virtual Reality
        • Digital India
        • QR Codes
        • Recent Developments in IT & Telecom
          • Quantum computing
          • Project brainwave
          • Sagar Vani System
          • Locky Ransomware, Petya, WannaCry
          • Hindi word for computer i.e., “SANGANAK”
          • India’s first technology and innovation support centre (TISC)
          • Net neutrality
          • National cyber coordination center
          • Hortinet
          • Digital Transaction Methodologies
          • Block chain Technology
          • Bitcoins
          • Cyber Swachhta Kendra
          • Digital Transaction Methodologies
          • Bharat Net Project
          • Wi-Fi Technology
          • Digital Terrestrial Television Transmission System
          • Internet of Things

MATERIALS, NANO TECHNOLOGY & ROBOTICS

  • Superconductivity Laser, Artificial Intelligence
    • History Classification and Properties of Superconductors
    • Application of Superconductors
    • Types and Applications of LASERS
    • Artificial Intelligence and Application
    • Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
  • Superconductivity Laser, Artificial Intelligence
    • What is Robotics?
    • Robotics Terminologies
    • Laws of Robotics
    • Robotics in India
    • Machine vs Computer vs Robots
    • Parts of a Robot
      • Controller
      • Manipulator
      • End Effector
      • Sensor
    • Classification of Robots
      • Rolling Robots
      • Walking Robots
      • Autonomous Robots
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Advantages and Disadvantages of Robot
    • Applications of Robotics
      • Industrial Sector
      • Aerospace
      • Healthcare Delivery
      • Outer Space
      • Exploration
      • Military Robots
      • Disaster Areas
      • Entertainment
      • Agriculture
      • Domestic work
    • Nano Technology
      • What is Nanoscience and Nanotechnology?
      • Origination of Nanoscience and Technology
      • Basics of Nanoscience
      • Nanomaterials
      • Applications of nanotechnology
        • Nano medicine
        • Semiconductors and computing
        • Food
        • Textiles
        • Sustainable energy
        • Environment
        • Transport
        • Space
        • Carbon Nanotube
        • Graphene
        • Quantum Dots
        • Nano Bots
        • Agriculture
      • Adverse Health and Environmental Impacts of Nanotechnology
      • Social and Ethical Impacts:
      • Nano-science and Nano-technology in India

DEFENCE

  • Defence Technology
    • Organisations
    • Missile system and classification
      • On the basis of type
      • On the basis of launch vehicle
      • On the basis of Range
      • On the basis of propulsion system
    • Ballistic vs Cruise Missile
    • IGMDP Intergrated Guided Missile Development Programme
      • PrithviTrishul Nag Akash AGNI
      • Shaurya Missile
      • ASTRA Missile
      • Dhanush
      • Prahaar
    • Brahmos Missile System
    • Anti-Ballistic Missile System
    • Frigates Destroyers and Aircraft Carriers
    • AWACS
    • Light Combat Aircraft
      • Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
      • Stealth technology
      • Chemical Weapon
      • Biological Weapon
    • Submarines
      • Indian Submarines and Naval Ships
      • Commissioned Submarines
      • Project 75
      • INS Astradharini

NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

  • Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Fuels
    • Types of nuclear reactions
      • Nuclear Fusion
      • Nuclear Fission
    • Nuclear Fuel – Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
  • Nuclear Programme in India
    • N-Power Policy of India
      • Advantages of Nuclear Energy
      • Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy
    • Institutions involved in Nuclear energy Development, AERB
    • Safety standards in Nuclear Power plants
    • India’s 3 stage Civil Nuclear Programme
    • Nuclear Reactors in India
    • Kudankulam Project
    • Jaitapur Plant
  • Organisation Institutions
    • Department of Atomic Energy
    • BHABHA
  • Radioactivity
    • Radiation and Radioactivity
    • Radiation Technologies and Applications
    • Radioactive Waste and Nuclear Waster Management
    • Nuclear & Radiological Disasters

IPR AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES

  • IPR Intellectual Property Rights
    • Copyrights
    • Trademarks
    • Patents
    • Industrial Design
    • Trades Secrets
    • IPR and Agriculture

BIOTECHNOLOGY

  • Biotechnology in India
    • Department of BT
    • Various Fields of BT
    • R&D
  • Genetics and Biotechnology
    • Industrial genetics
    • Genetic engineering
    • DNA sequencing
    • Nucleic acid probes
    • Genomics and proteomics
    • Bioprocess/fermentation technology
  • Biological fuel generation
    • Global warming and the significance of fossils fuels
    • Biofuels from biomass
    • Bioethanol from biomass
    • Biodiesel
    • Methane
    • Hydrogen
  • Environmental Biotechnology
    • Microbial Ecology Environmental Biotechnology
    • Waste water and sewage treatment
    • Landfilling technologies
    • Composting
    • Bioremediation
    • Detect and monitoring of pollutants
    • Microbes and the geological environment
  • Plant and Forest biotechnology
    • Plant biotechnology
    • Forest biotechnology
  • Animal and insect biotechnology
    • Genetic manipulation and transgenic animals
    • Genetically engineered hormone and vaccines
    • Animal organs for human patients
    • Genetically modified insects
  • Food and Beverage Biotechnology
    • Food and beverage fermentations
      • Microorganisms as food, Enzymes and food processing
      • Amino acids, vitamins and sweeteners
      • Organic acids and polysaccharides
      • Public acceptance and safety of new biotechnology foods
    • Biotechnology and medicine
      • Pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals
      • Antibiotics
      • Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies
      • Biopharmaceuticals/therapeutic proteins
      • Pharmacogenetics
      • Molecular biology and human disease
      • Diagnostics in developing countries
      • Gene therapy
      • Systems biology and medicine
    • Stem cell biotechnology
  • Protection of biotechnological inventions
    • Patent protection Trade secrets
    • Plant breeders’ rights
  • Recent Development in Biotechnology
    • Achievements of Biotechnology indifferent fields
    • Genome sequencing of Ragi done for the first time in the world
    • GM mustard policy
    • DNA as storage device
    • Biomarker
    • Algae based footwear
    • Artificial Womb
    • K. grants gene editing license
    • GM Mosquito
    • DBT launched “Sohum” an innovative newborn hearing screening device
    • Biotech-KISAN scheme
    • India’s first biomass to ethanol plant & its commercialization
    • Digital Biopiracy
    • Genetically Modified Mosquito
    • Designer Babies’ or Three Parents Babies
    • National Biotechnology Development Strategy 2015-2020

Contemporary Issues: Science & Technology (Mains)

SPACE

  • OUTER SPACE TREATY
  • NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY
  • SOLAR MISSION- ADITYA
  • Chandrayaan-2 Mission
  • GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
  • IMPORTANCE OF NAVIGATION SYSTEM
  • Reusable Launch Vehicle
  • About SN Bose
  • Stephen Hawking
  • Space Activities Bill, 2017
  • ISRO AS SOFT POWER
  • ISRO’S ROLE IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
  • Space Debris
  • GAGANYAAN
  • 20 years of International Space Station

BIOTECHNOLOGY & HEALTH

  • Tuberculosis
  • Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV
  • Nipah Virus Infection
  • Generic Drugs in India
  • Stent Implants
  • INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: ISSUES & CONCERNS
  • Misuse of Secondary Patent Methodology
  • Digital Biopiracy
  • Clinical Applications of whole Genome Sequencing
  • Three-Parent Babies Permitted in UK
  • Mass Embryo Transfer
  • Issues Related to Gm Food
  • Importance of Genetic Testing
  • Health Geo-Mapping Project
  • Digital Health Technology Eco-System
  • Ethical Dimension In Biotechnology
  • Law Commission Report on Human DNA Profiling
  • Law against Genetic Discrimination
  • Genome Editing: What, Why and Way Forward

DEFENCE

  • India’s Missile System
  • Brahmos and its Significance
  • India’s Ballistic Missile Defence System
  • Indian Submarines and Naval Ships
  • Light Combat Aircraft
  • UAVs in India
  • Chemical Weapons
  • Biological Weapons

POLICIES RELATED TO SCIENCE

  • Sti Policy 2013 of India: Analysis
  • The Paradox of Innovation
  • Analysis of INSPIRE Scheme
  • National Biotechnology Development Strategy 2015- 2020
  • Organ Donation Rules in India
  • Policy on Synthetic Biology
  • The Dna Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2018
  • Maharashtra’s Public Cloud Policy
  • National Policy on Electronics 2019
  • Roadmap for Drones
  • National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy
  • Draft Rules for E-Pharmacies
  • National Digital Communications Policy
  • Net Neutrality

IT & TELECOM

  • Internet Of Things
  • Big Data Initiative
  • Supercomputer and its Applications
  • Li-Fi Technology and its Application
  • Use of it in Financial Inclusion
  • Credit/Debit Card Crimes
  • Bharatnet Project
  • Wanna Cry Malware
  • Concept of Cyber-Physical Systems
  • Esign Electronic Signature Service: Significance & Applications
  • Digital India: Achievements
  • Adoption of Blockchain Technology to Stop Bank Frauds
  • Artificial Intelligence and Society
  • Two Authentication Procedure
  • Facial Authentication Working
  • Issue of Internet Governance
  • Quantum computing
  • National supercomputing mission
  • Data Protection-B N srikrishna committee
  • Data Localisation and Related Issues
  • National Digital Literacy Mission and Digital NE vision
  • National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS)
  • Bullet Train

INITIATIVES IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

  • Technology and Food Security
  • BOOSTING Horticulture through Remote Sensing
  • Hyperloop Transportation Technology
  • Cloud Seeding Experiment In Maharashtra
  • Nano-Technology Medicines
  • Hydrogen Bomb
  • Ear Tagging In Cattle
  • e-Cigarette
  • Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant
  • Geo-Tagging The Assets In Mgnrega
  • Robot Tax and its Implications
  • India & World Collaboration in Science Projects

INITIATIVES IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

  • Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV
  • Nipah Virus Infection
  • Avian Influenza or Bird Flu
  • Bovine TB
  • Encephalitis
  • Kyasanoor Forest Disease (Monkey Fever)
  • Hospital Acquired Infection
  • Rotavirus
  • Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus
  • Swine Flu
  • Chikanguniya
  • Tuberculosis

General Science (Prelims)

BIOLOGY

  • Origin of Life and Cells
    • Cell Structure
    • Membranes
    • Cell-Cell Interactions
    • Energy and Metabolism
    • Respiration
    • Cell Division
    • Sexual Reproduction
  • Genetics
    • Inheritance
    • DNA, The Genetic Material
    • Gene Expression
    • Gene Regulation
    • Mutation
    • Recombinant DNA Technology
  • Classification of Living Things
    • Classification and Domains of Life
    • General Biology/Classification of Living Things/Viruses
    • Prokaryotes
    • Eukaryotes
      • Protista
      • Plants
      • Fungi
      • Animals
  • Evolution of Life
      • Evolution of Life
      • Animal Evolution
      • Human Evolution
  • Tissues
      • Epithelial tissue
      • Connective tissue
      • Muscle tissue
  • Endocrine System
      • Hypothalamus
      • Pineal body (epiphysis)
      • Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
      • Thyroid
      • Adrenal glands
      • Reproductive glands
  • Respiratory System
      • External and Internal Respiration
      • Respiratory system in Plants
      • Respiratory System in Insects
      • Respiratory System in Humans and Animals
  • The Transport System in Organisms
      • Transport system in a Cell
      • Transport System in Plants
      • Transport System in Animals
      • Blood Vascular System
      • The Lymphatic System
  • Skeletal and Muscular Systems
      • Bone and Skeleton System (Osteology)
      • Ligaments (Syndesmology)
      • Muscular System (Myology)
      • Vertebrates
  • Reproductive System
      • Asexual Reproduction in Plants
      • Asexual Reproduction in Animals
      • Sexual Reproduction in Plants
      • Sexual Reproduction in Animals
      • Sexual Reproduction in Humans
  • Excretory System
      • Excretory products
      • Excretion in plants
      • Excretion in Animals
      • Osmoregulation, ADH and formation of Urine in Animals
      • Physiological and Behavioural Adjustments
  • Nutrition
      • Classification by Source of Energy and Carbon
      • Plant Nutrition
      • Animal Nutrition
      • Human Diet
      • The Digestive System
      • Photosynthesis
  • Diseases
      • Tuberculosis
      • Non-Communicable diseases
        • Diabetes mellitus
  • Economic Zoology
        • Beneficial animals: Corals – Earthworm – Vermiculture
        • Beneficial insects – Prawns – Lobsters – Crabs – Pearl oysters – Fishes – Guano – Aquarium – Vivarium.
        • Harmful animals: Disease causing organisms – Vectors – Poisonous organisms – Fouling organisms – Pests.
  • Recent Development
        • India has declared free from Bird flu
        • Revised Draft guidelines for stem cell research, 2017
        • Therapy for sepsis
        • Curcumin, A bioactive component of turmeric treats cancer
        • Embryo transfer technology to increase livestock productivity
        • “SOHUM’ an indigenously developednewborn hearing screening device
        • Kyasanur forest disease or monkey fever developed
        • India Declared Maternal and NeonatalTetanus, H5N1 and Yaws Free
        • Mission Indradhanush
        • New TB Drug Regimen

Science And Technology (Mains)

UPSC SYLLABUS

  • Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
  • Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

INTRODUCTION

  • India’s Policy in the Field of the Science & Technology
  • The Science & Technology Policy Resolution in 1958
  • Science & Technology Policy 2013
  • Institutional Structure
  • New Initiatives Aligned with the NationalAgenda
  • India & World Collaboration in Science Projects

SPACE

  • Satellite Communication in India
  • INSAT Satellite Applications
  • Remote Sensing Applications
  • Cryogenic Rockets
  • Global Positioning System
  • Role of Space in Development
  • ISRO as Soft Power
  • Issue of Space Race
  • Space Activities Bill, 2017
  • Outer space treaty

IT, TELECOM & ELECTRONICS

  • IT Industry in India
  • Applications of Information Technology
  • Display Technologies
  • Telecommunication
  • Government Initiatives
  • Contemporary Debates

DEFENCE

  • Missile System and their Classification
  • India’s Missile System
  • India’s Ballistic Missile Defence System
  • UAVs in India
  • Stealth Technology ,Chemical Weapons , Biological Weapons

NANO-SCIENCE & NANO-TECHNOLOGY

  • Nanoscience Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials
  • Applications of Nanotechnology
  • Health & Environmental Impacts of Nanotechnology
  • Social & Ethical Impacts
  • Nano-Science& Nanotechnology in India

ROBOTICS

  • Robotics & Artificial Intelligence
  • Applications of Robotics
  • Robotics and Issues of Unemployment

NUCLEAR ENERGY

  • Nuclear-Power Policy of India
  • Non-energy Applications of Nuclear Energy
  • Impact of Radiation, Issue of RadioactiveWaste
  • Institutions involved in Nuclear Energy Development
  • Nuclear & Radiological Disasters

BIOTECHNOLOGY

  • Application of Biotechnology
  • Biotechnology Projects
  • Issue of Bio-Piracy
  • Bioinformatics
  • Biotechnology and IPR Issue
  • Ethical Dimension In Biotechnology

RENEWABLE ENERGY

  • Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
  • Concept of Green Building
  • Tidal , Wave , Geothermal Energy , Fuel Cells

ACHIEVEMENTS OF INDIANS IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

  • Scientists of Ancient India
  • Science and Scientists of Medieval India
  • Scientists of Modern India
  • Policies& Reports related to Science
    • Technology Vision Document 2035
    • National Biotechnology Development Strategy 2015-2020
    • National Intellectual Property Rights Policy
    • Policy on Synthetic Biology
    • Law Commission Report on Human DNA Profiling