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::History::

Ancient History

PRE HISTORIC TIMES

1. Periodization of Indian Pre History
2. Sources of Pre History
3. Palaeolithic Or Old Stone
4. Mesolithic Or Middle Stone Age
5. Neolithic Age Or New Stone Age
6. Chalcolithic Age
7. Major Chalcolithic Cultures
8. Early Iron Age
9. Geographical Distribution and Characteristics

JAINISM

1. Birth and Life of Mahavira (540- 468 B.C.)
2. Teachings of Mahavira
3. Organisation and Sects of Jainism
4. Literature of Jainism
5. Councils, Spread and Royal Patrons

POST-MAURYAN INDIA

1. Society: Evolution of Jatis
2. Satavahanas
3. Sungas and Kanvas
4. Sakas
5. Kushanas
6. Kanishka

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

1. IVC Geography and Archaeological Findings
   1. Major cities
   2. Town Planning
2. IVC Society and Culture
   1. Script and Language
   2. Crafts
   3. Religions
   4. Seals and Images
3. IVC Economy
   1. Harappan Trade
   2. Agriculture
   3. Domestication of animals
   4. Weights and Measures
4. Decline of Harappan Culture

BUDDHISM

1. Birth and Life of Buddha (563-483 BC)
2. Teachings of Buddha
3. Organisation and Sects of Buddhism
4. Literature of Buddhism
5. Councils, Spread of and Royal Patronage
6. Causes for the Decline

GUPTA PERIOD

1. Sources of Gupta Rule
2. Rulers and Political history of Guptas Chronology
3. Foreign Travellers Visit – Fahien’s Visit
4. Gupta Administration
5. Other Important Dynasties
6. Society Religion and Culture
7. Urban centres in Gupta period
8. Economy
9. Science and Technology
10. Literature
11. Later Guptas
12. Other Important Dynasties

MAHAJANAPADAS PERIOD

1. Republics and Monarchies
2. 16 Mahajanapadas
3. Magadha
4. Key Dynasties
   1. Haryanka dynasty
   2. Shishunaga Dynasty
   3. Nanda Dynasty
5. Persian Invasions
6. Alexander’s Invasion
7. Society and Rise of urban centres
8. Economy
9. System of Administration

RIG VEDIC PERIOD

1. Sources for Reconstructing Vedic Society and Culture
2. Geography of the Rig Vedic Period – Area of Settlement
3. Political Organisation and Evolution of Monarchy
4. Social Organization
5. Economy
6. Religious Practices and Culture

LATER VEDIC PERIOD

1. Geography of the later Vedic Phases – Area of Settlement
2. Political System
3. Social Organisation and Varna System
4. Economy
5. Religious Practices and Culture

MAURYAN EMPIRE

1. Sources: Inscriptions and Sites and
   Literary Sources (The Arthasastra)
2. Rulers and Political History of the Mauryas
   1. Chandragupta and Bindusara
   2. Megasthenes
   3. Asoka and His Successors
3. Asoka’s Inscriptions and Sites
4. Asokan Reign
5. Asoka and Buddhism
6. Asoka Policy of Dhamma
7. Mauryan Administration
8. Foreign Relations
9. Decline of the Mauryas

SANGAM PERIOD (SOUTH INDIAN DYNASTIES)

1. Sangam Literature
2. South Indian Dynasties
   1. Cholas
   2. Cheras
   3. Pandyas
3. Sangam Polity, Society and Culture
4. Economy of Sangam Period
5. Foreign Dynasties                                   
6. Commercial Contacts with the Outside World
7. Schools of Art

Modern History (Mains)

BEFORE EUROPEAN PENETRATION IN INDIA

1. Later Mughals
2. Disintegration of Mughal Empire
3. Rise of Regional States
   1. Bengal
   2. Hyderabad and Carnatic
   3. Awadh           
   4. Mysore
   5. Kerala
   6. The Sikhs
   7. Rajput states and Jats
   8. Marathas
4. Rise and fall of Marathas
5. Socio and Economic condition of people in 18^th Century
6. Cultural life of people in 18^th Century
7. Scientific outlook in 18^th Century

SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORMS IN 19TH CENTURY

1. Social and Religious reforms in 19^th Century
2. Role of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in social and religious regeneration
3. Radical trend between 1820 & 1830 (Derozio)
4. Ishwar Chandra VidyaSagar (Girl education, child marriage, widow remarriage and caste hierarchy)
5. Why impact of western Ideas felt more in Bengal than in Western India
6. Fight Against Caste System, Untouchability and Widow remarriage, Child marriage
7. Parsi Reforms
8. Sikh Reforms
9. Role of women
10. State of Education in India during 19^th Century

NATIONALIST MOVEMENT (1905-1918)

1. Growth of militant Nationalism
2. How militant nationalists different from moderates
3. Swadeshi and Boycott Movement and participation from different sections
4. Women Participation before Gandhi
5. Growth of Revolutionary Terrorism
6. Indian National Congress between 1905-1914
7. Morley Minto Reforms
8. Muslim league and growth of communalism
9. British used Muslim league to fight rising nationalism
10. Nationalist and World War I
11. Home rule league movement
12. Revolutionary Organization like Ghadar Party
13. Lucknow session of 1916

BEGINNING OF EUROPEAN PENETRATION IN INDIA

1. Trade between India and Europe
2. Portuguese Domination
3. Spice trade of Dutch
4. British trade expansion in India and its effect on India from 1600-1744
5. Anglo-French Struggle and Subversion of Indian political power

REVOLT OF 1857

1. Reasons for revolt of 1857
2. Participation in Revolt
3. Spread of Revolt
4. Response of British
5. Impact of Revolt of 1857
6. Factors responsible for failure of Revolt of 1857

STRUGGLE FOR SWARAJ

1. Post world war scenario favorable for Nationalism    
2. Impact of Russian Revolution on National Movement
3. Montague Chelmsford reforms
4. Rowlatt Act
5. Arrival of Mahatma Gandhi and his ideas
6. Champaran Satyagraha, Ahmedabad Mill strike
7. Satyagraha against Rowlatt Act
8. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
9. Khilafat movement and Non cooperation movement
10. Impact of ChauriChaura Incident
11. Role of Swarajists
12. State peoples conference movements
13. Rise of Socialism within congress
14. Peasant, Tribal and workers agitation
15. Socialist turn to Revolutionary terrorism
16. Response of British to revolutionary terrorism
17. Boycott of Simon Commission
18. Nehru Report
19. Significance of PoornaSwaraj Resolution
20. Dandi March
21. Programme of CDM (1930-34) and British response
22. First Round table conference
23. Gandhi-Irwin pact and second RTC
24. Second phase of CDM
25. Women Participation after coming of Mahatma Gandhi
26. Communal Award
27. Poona Pact and Mahatma Gandhi fast unto death
28. Mahatma Gandhi and BR Ambedkar approach to caste and untouchability
29. Third RTC

EXPANSION OF BRITISH EMPIRE IN INDIA 1756-1818

1. British expansion in Bengal
2. Importance of Battle of Plassey
3. Clash between Mir Qasim and East India Company
4. Dual system of administration in Bengal
5. Wars under Warren Hastings and Cornwallis
6. Expansion under Lord Wellesley
7. Subsidiary Alliance policy of Wellesley
8. Expansion under Cornwallis
9. Overpowering of Maratha Confederacy

ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES POST REVOLT OF 1857

1. Government of India Act of 1858
2. Indian council Act of 1861
3. Role of Mayo, Lytton and Ripon
4. Promotion of Local bodies and role of Ripon
5. Changes in Army
6. Changed Relationship with Princely States
7. Reactionary policy of British
8. Divide and Rule
   1. Restrictions on Press and Acts Related to it
   2. Attitude towards social reform
   3. Hostility towards educated Indians
   4. Carrot and Stick policy
9. Labor Legislations

CONSOLIDATION UNDER BRITISH RULE, 1818-1857

1. Conquest of Sind
2. Conquest of Punjab
3. Policy of Annexation of Dalhousie

STRUCTURE OF BRITISH RULE IN INDIA

1. End of Dual Government and Direct Administration of Bengal (From 1772)
2. Relations between East India Company and British state between 1765-1833             
3. Regulating Act of 1773 and Pitts India Act
4. Charter Act of 1813 and 1833

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE

• Ruin of Traditional Economy
• Impoverishment of peasantry
• Ruin of old zamindars
• Rise of new Landlordism
• Deterioration of Agriculture
• Development of modern industries
• Rise of new social class in India
• Poverty and Famines
• Drain of Wealth theory

BRITISH ECONOMIC POLICY IN INDIA FROM 1757-1857

1. Commercial Policy of British from 1757-1857
2. Effect of Battle of Plassey on Indian Trade
3. Effect of Industrial Revolution on Economic relations with India
4. Factors that Make Britain Favorable for Industrial Revolution
5. Drain of Wealth
6. Development of Means of Transport and communication and industries
7. Land Revenue Policy of British (Permanent, Ryotwari, Mahalwari)
8. Effect of Land Revenue Policy on Agrarian relations in India

NATIONALIST MOVEMENT (1858-1905)

1. Factors responsible for Rise of Nationalism
2. Predecessors of Indian National Congress
3. Indian National Congress
4. Constitutional Reforms by Moderates
5. Economic Reforms by Moderates
6. Administrative and other reforms by Moderates
7. Defence of Civil rights
8. Method of Constitutional agitation of Moderates
9. British Repsonse
10. Evaluation of role of moderates

NATIONALIST POLITICS (1935-1939)

1. Government of India Act, 1935
2. Formation of Congress Ministries
3. Growth of Socialist Ideas
4. Congress and International Affairs

TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE

1. National Movement in Princely States
2. Growth of Communalism
3. National movement and World War II
4. August Offer , 1940
5. Individual civil disobedience movement (1940-41)
6. Cripps Mission and Reasons for Failure
7. Quit India Movement and British Response
8. Women participation in end stages of freedom struggle
9. Azad Hind Fauj and SC Bose
10. INA Trials
11. Wavell Plan and Shimla Conference
12. 1945-46 elections and the communal divide
13. RIN (Royal Indian Navy Mutiny)
14. Labour and peasant Unrest all over Country
15. Reasons Behind British Support for India’s demand for freedom
16. Cabinet Mission
17. Towards Partition and independence
18. Rise of Muslim communalism and partition of India
19. The Indian independence Act July, 1947
20. Role of Various Leaders
21. Factors leading to Partition
22. Why congress accepted partition of India

SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORM AFTER 1858

1. Factors responsible for Religious reform of 19^th Century
2. Religious reforms in Maharashtra
3. Swami Dayanand and AryaSamaj
4. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
5. Theosophical society
6. Swami vivekanand
7. Aligarh School of Thought
8. Reform among Parsis
9. Limitations of religious reform movement
10. Movement to Improve position of Women
11. Struggle Against Caste
12. Effect of National Awakening on social reforms
13. Social legislations in the 19^th and 20th century

ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY OF BRITISH

1. Civil Service in India
2. Role of Army
3. Police
4. Judicial organization during British Rule
5. Introduction of Rule of Law
6. Equality Before Law

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL POLICY OF BRITISH

1. Modern Thoughts that influenced British Policies in India
2. Conservatives and Radicals
3. Policy of partial modernization
4. Humanitarian Measures (Abolition of Sati etc)
5. Spread of modern education

Contemporary Issues: PIC (Mains)

POLITY

• Reorganisation of States
• Emergency in India                                
• Linguistic Regionalism in India.
• Lok Sabha Elections 2014 and 2018

ECONOMY

• Agriculture since 12^th five year plan  
• Industry since 12^th five year plan        
• New Economic Policies and its Impact

SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO VULNERABLE SECTION

• Tribal Issue and Policy Consolidation
• Issue of Women and Evolution of Women Movement 
• Agrarian Struggles                                   
• Problem of Caste and Social Consolidation
• Communalism Secularism and Social Consolidation
• Regionalism Issues in India
• Issue of Linguistic Minorities
• Environmental Movements

Indian Culture (Mains)

CULTURE AND HERITAGE OF INDIA

1. Aims and objectives of performing arts and their development through various stages.
2. Utility of performing arts during the ancient and the medieval period.
3. Appreciate the contribution of classical dances, folk music as well as folk dances in Indian culture and Challenges faced by performing Arts  
4. Development of drama through various phases in India and recognize the contribution of folk theatre
5. Examine the importance of the three art forms in the development of human personality.   
6. Religious and secular Art in India

LANGUAGES & LITERATURE

1. Vedic Literature
2. Tamil language and Sangam Literature
3. Classical languages : Evolution & impact on society
4. Trends in Medieval Literature
5. Modern Indian Literature

BRONZE SCULPTURES IN INDIA

1. Harappan “Dancing Girl”
2. Jain Tirthankaras Bronze Images
3. Buddha bronze Images (ex Guptas and Vakatakas)
4. Pala school of Art (Bronze images, Manuscripts)
5. Pallava Bronze Images
6. Chola Bronzes
7. Nataraja

MUSIC

1. Evolution of Indian Music
2. Contribution of Some personalities : Amir Khusro, Mohammad Shah
3. Hindustani Music evolution, features and impact  
4. Carnatic Music evolution, features and impact
5. Hindustani and Carnatic music differences and similarities
6. Regional music and its impact
7. Modern Music

ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA

1. Architectural Style of Harappan Civilisation
2. Influence of Buddhism and Jainism on Indian architecture
   1. Stupas, Chaityas and Viharas
3. Impact of Persian and Greek invasion on Indian culture
4. Mauryan Architecture (322-182 BC)
5. Post Mauryan Architecture
6. Gandhara and Mathura school of Art
7. Cultural development during Gupta Age
8. Temple Architecture and Sculptures
   1. Nagara and Dravida Styles
   2. Early Temples
   3. Rock Cut temples
   4. Monolithic Temples
   5. Free Standing Temples
9. Pallavas as great temple builders
10. Emergence of Nalanda as centre of learning
11. Medieval Period architecture
    1. Delhi Sultanate
    2. Regional Kingdoms ( Mandu, Jaunpuretc)
    3. Vijaynagara Architecture
    4. Mughal Architecture
12. Indo Islamic Architecture
13. Colonial Architecture
14. Utility of Architectural structures today and in Past
15. Conservation and Preservation of Architectural Structures
16. Spread of Indian Culture to Southeast Asia

PAINTINGS IN INDIA

1. Prehistoric Rock Paintings
2. Ancient Period
   1. Murals Paintings
   2. Bagh Caves
   3. Sittanavasal Paintings
   4. Armamalai caves
3. Medieval Period
   1. Pala school of miniature paintings
   2. Mughal miniature paintings (synthesis           of Indian and Persian style)
   3. Role of Akbar and his successors
   4. Development of Pahari, Rajput and Deccan Paintings
   5. Theme of paintings in Medieval period
4. Modern Period
   1. Bengal school of Art
   2. Renaissance or revivalist painting
   3. Madras School of Art
5. Decorative Art
   1. Madhubani
   2. Kalamkari
   3. Kalighat
   4. Warli
   5. Pattachitra
   6. Theme of decorative paintings in India
6. Theatre Forms of India
   1. Significance of Traditional folk theatre in India
   2. Different forms of traditional folk  theatre in India
   3. Sanskrit theatre in India
   4. Challenges faced by theatre in India
7. Puppet forms in India
   1. Themes of puppetry in India
   2. Forms of Puppetry
8. Religious Philosophies
   1. Buddhism and its impact
   2. Jainism and its impact
   3. Sufism and its impact
   4. Vedanta Philosophy
9. Bhakti Traditions

DANCE

1. Tracing Evolution of Dance (Rig Veda, Harappa, Nataraja)
2. Classical Dances of India, their evolution and Theme
3. Well known Classical dancers of India.
4. Themes in Indian folk dances

DRAMA

1. Introduction ( Natyashastra)
2. Evolution of Drama in India
3. Various texts relating to Drama period wise (ex Mahabhasya, mrichhakatika)
4. Famous Modern Dramas and Dramatists.

Medieval History

MAJOR DYNASTIES (750-1200) OF EARLY MEDIEVAL INDIA

1. The Pratiharas (8th to 10th Century)
2. The Palas (8th to 11th Century)
3. The Tripartite Conflict
4. The Senas (11th to 12th Century)
5. The Rajaputas
6. Pallavas
7. Chalukyas
8. Rashtrakutas
9. Indian Feudalism
10. Administration
11. Society and Culture
12. Economy and the decline of Trade

STATE AND GOVERNMENT UNDER AKBAR

1. Akbar’s Concept of Suzerainty
2. Structure of Government, Central and
   Provincial -the Vikalat, the Central Ministries, Provincial
3. Government, District and Local Government
4. The Working of Government – the Ruler, Land-Revenue System, the Dahsala System, the Mansabdari System and the Army

THE MARATHA AND OTHER INDIAN STATES AND SOCIETY IN THE 18TH CENTURY

1. The Marathas and their Policy of Expansion
2. The Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk
3. The Maratha Advance into Gujarat and Malwa
4. The Maratha Advance into Doab and Punjab:
5. First Phase (1741-52); Second Phase (1752-61);
6. Third Battle of Panipat
7. Shivaji (1627-1680)
8. Shivaji’s administration
9. Successors of Shivaji
10. The Peshwas (1713-1818)
11. Other Indian States ( The Bhonsles The Gaikwads Holkars Sindhias)
12. Economic Condition in 18th Century
13. Social and Cultural Life

CHOLAS AND OTHER SOUTH INDIAN KINGDOMS

1. Chola Rulers and Political History
2. Chola Administration
3. Socio-Economic Life
4. Education and Literature
5. The Cheras (9^th to 12^th Century)
6. The Yadavas (12^th to 13^th Century)
7. Contact with South-East Asia

AKBAR’S RELIGIOUS VIEWS

1. Relations with the Ulama and Social Reforms
2. The Early Phase (1556-73)
3. The Second Phase (1573-80) – the Ibadat Khana
4. Debates – the Mahzar – Breach with Orthodox
5. Ulama – Re-organisation of Madadd-i-Maash Grants
6. Third or Final Phase – Din-i-Ilahi – State
7. Policies and religious toleration

VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE

1. Sources
2. Political History
3. Administration
4. Social and Cultural Life
5. Economic Condition
6. Conflicts with the Bahmani Kingdom

EARLY MUSLIM INVASIONS

1. The Arab Conquest of Sindh
2. Mahmud of Ghazni
3. Muhammad Ghori

THE DECCAN AND THE MUGHALS (UP TO 1657)

1. The Deccani States up to 1595
2. Mughal Advance towards the Deccan
3. Mughal Conquest of Berar, Khandesh and Parts of Ahmadnagar
4. Rise of Malik Ambar Mughal Attempt at Consolidation (1601-27)
5. Extinction of Ahmadnagar,Acceptance of Mughal
6. Suzerainty by Bijapur and Golconda
7. Shah Jahan and the Deccan (1636-57)
8. Cultural Contribution of the Deccani States

THE DELHI SULTANATE (1206-1526 AD)

1. Slave Dynasty
2. Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD)
3. Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414 AD)
4. Provincial Kingdoms and Resistance
   by Indian Chiefs
5. Sayyid Dynasty
6. Lodi Dynasty
7. Attacks by Mongolas and other Turks
8. Administration
9. Economy
10. Urbanization
11. Society and Culture
12. Scientific Knowledge and legal System
13. Challenges leading to the decline of the Sultanate

REGIONAL STATES IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

1. Regional States of North and South India (Bahmani, Bengal, Avadh, The Sikhs, Rajput States Jats Hyderabad Mysore)
2. Social and Cultural Conditions
3. Economic Conditions
4. Military Conditions

FOREIGN POLICY OF THE MUGHALS

1. Akbar and the Uzbeks
2. The Question of Qandahar and Relations with Iran
3. Shah Jahan’s Balkh Campaign
4. Mughal – Persian Relations – the Last Phase

NORTHERN INDIA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

1. Bahadur Shah I, and the Beginning of the Struggle For Wizarat
2. Rajput Affairs
3. Marathas and the Deccan – Accentuation of the Party Struggle
4. Struggle for ‘New’ Wizarat: Zulfiqar Khan and Jahandar Shah (1712-13)
5. The Saiyid Brothers’ Struggle for ‘New’ Wizarat
6. The Saiyid ‘New’ Wizarat
7. The Wizarat of M. Amin Khan and Nizam-ul-Mulk
8. Rise of Regional States, Beginning of Foreign Invasions of India (1725-48)

STRUGGLE FOR EMPIRE IN NORTH INDIA (AFGHANS, RAJPUTS AND MUGHALS)

• Struggle between Ibrahim Lodi and Babur
• The Battle of Panipat
• Babur’s problems after the Battle of Panipat
• Struggle with RanaSanga
• Problems of the Eastern Areas and the Afghans
• Babur’s Contribution and Significance of his Advent into India
• Humayun and the Afghans
• Early Activities of Humayun, and the Tussle with Bahadur Shah
• The Gujarat Campaign
• The Bengal Campaign, and Struggle with Sher Khan

INDIA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

1. Jahangir’s Accession – his Early Difficulties
2. Territorial Consolidation and Expansion of the Empire – Mewar, East India and Kangra
3. NurJahan, and the NurJahan ‘Junta’ The Rebellions of Shah Jahan,
   and the coup de main of Mahabat Khan
4. Jahangir as a Ruler
5. State and Religion in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century
6. Shah Jahan – Consolidation and Expansion of the Empire
7. Evolution of the Mughal Ruling Class and the Mansabdari System

SOCIETY-STRUCTURE AND GROWTH

1. Rural Society
2. Towns and Town Life
3. Artisans and Master-Craftsmen
4. Women
5. Servants and Slaves
6. Standard of Living
7. The Ruling Classes – Nobility, Rural Gentry
8. The Middle Strata
9. The Commercial Classes

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NORTH INDIAN EMPIRE

1. Social and Political Background of Bihar  and the Rise of Sher Shah to Power
2. The Sur Empire (1540-56)
3. Contributions of Sher Shah
4. Coinage
5. Architecture

CLIMAX AND CRISIS OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE: THE MARATHAS AND THE DECCAN

1. Rise of the Marathas – Early Career of Shivaji
2. Treaty of Purandar – the Agra Visit
3. Aurangzeb and the Deccani States (1658-87)
4. Marathas and the Decean (1687-1707)
5. Assessment of Aurangzeb and the Jagirdari Crisis

ECONOMIC LIFE-PATTERNS AND PROSPECTS

1. Inland Trade
2. Overseas Trade – Role of Foreign Trading
3. Companies – Position of Indian Merchants Over-land Trade
4. The Mughal State and Commerce
5. Trend of India’s Economy and Prospects during the First Half of the Eighteenth Century

CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION OF THE EMPIRE – AKBAR

1. Conflict with the Afghans – Hemu
   1. 2^nd Battle of Panipat
2. Struggle with the Nobility: Bairam Khan’s Regency; Revolt of Uzbek Nobles
3. Early Expansion of the Empire (1560-76) – Malwa, Garh-Katanga, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Eastern India
4. Relations with the Rajputs – Growth of a Composite Ruling Class
5. Rebellions, and Further Expansion of the Empire in the North West

Indian Culture (Prelims)

VISUAL ARTS

1. Architecture
   1. Harappan Period
   2. Mauryan Architecture
   3. Post-Mauryan Period
   4. Gupta Period
   5. Temples of Khajuraho
   6. Temples of Odisha
   7. Temples of Gwalior
   8. Temples of Gujarat
   9. Temples of Rajasthan
   10. Temples of Bengal
   11. Temples of Assam
   12. Temples of Himachal Pradesh
   13. Temples of Jammu and Kashmir
   14. Pallava Period Temples
   15. Chola Period Temples
   16. Pandya Temples
   17. Vijaynagar Period Temples
   18. NayakaTemples
   19. Temples of Kerala
   20. Rashtrakuta Period Temples
   21. Schools of Temple Architecture
       1. Nagara Style
       2. Vesara Style
       3. Hoysala Style
       4. Dravidian Style
   22. Indo-Islamic Architecture
       1. Imperial Style (Delhi Sultanate)
       2. Provincial Style
       3. Mughal Style
       4. Sikh Style of Architecture
       5. Avadh (Oudh) Style
       6. Rajput Architecture
       7. Jaina Art
   23. Modern Architecture
       1. European Influence
          1. Portuguese
          2. Danish
          3. British
       2. Indo-Saracenic Architecture
       3. Post-Independence Period
2. Sculptures
   1. 1. Sculptures of Harappan Civilisation
      2. Sculptures of Mauryan Age
      3. Post-Mauryan Period
      4. Jain Sculptures
      5. Buddhist Sculpture
      6. Gupta Sculpture
      7. Medieval School of Sculpture
      8. Modern Indian Sculpture
3. Paintings
   1. 1. Cave Paintings
      2. Tradition of Mural Paintings in India
      3. Tradition of Miniature Paintings in India
      4. Paintings in the Deccan
      5. Rajput School of Painting
      6. Pahari School of Painting
      7. Miniature Painting in South India
      8. Regional Paintings
      9. Modern Paintings
      10. Contemporary Paintings
4. Pottery Tradition
   1. 1. Ochre: Coloured Pottery(OCP)
      2. Black and Red Ware (BRW)
      3. Painted Grey Ware (PGW)
      4. Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW)
      5. Glazed and Unglazed Pottery
5. Numismatics
6. 1. 1. Coinage

PERFORMING ARTS

1. Music in India
   1. Classical Indian Music
      1. Hindustani Music
         1. Gharanas
      2. Carnatic Music
   2. Main Pillars of Indian Music
   3. Forms of Indian Music
   4. Musical Instruments
   5. Institutions Related to Music in India
   6. Folk Music
2. Dances in India
   1. Concept of Dance in India
   2. Concept of Ashta Nayika
   3. Rasa and Bhava
   4. Eight Classical Dance Forms in India
   5. Folk Dances
   6. Modern Dances
3. Sports in India
   1. Various Type of Sports
   2. Genesis of Martial Arts
   3. Forms of Traditional Martial Arts
   4. Animal Sports
4. Indian Theatre
   1. History of Theatre in India
   2. Classical Sanskrit Theatre
   3. Traditional Theatre
   4. Regional Theatre
   5. Modern Theatre in India
   6. Renaissance of Indian Theatre
   7. Cinema in India
      1. History of Indian Cinema
      2. Classification of Indian Cinema Film
5. Indian Puppetry
6. 1. 1. String Puppets
      2. Shadow Puppets
      3. Rod Puppets
      4. Glove puppets
      5. Modern Puppetry
      6. Tribal Puppetry

RELIGION, LANGUAGE & LITERATURE

1. Religions in-India
   1. Pre-Vedic Religion
   2. Hinduism
   3. Buddhism
   4. Jainism
   5. Sikhism
   6. Islam
   7. Christianity
   8. Zoroastrianism
   9. Judaism
   10. Philosophy in India
   11. Bhakti Movement
   12. Saints of Bhakti Movement
   13. Sufism
2. Languages and Literature in India
   1. Classical Language
   2. Sanskrit Literature
   3. Pali Literature
   4. Prakrit Literature
   5. Tamil Literature
   6. Telugu Literature
   7. Malayalam Literature
   8. Kannada Literature
   9. Odia Literature
   10. Assamese Literature
   11. Bengali Literature
   12. Gujarati Literature
   13. Rajasthani Literature
   14. Punjabi Literature
   15. Marathi Literature
   16. Hindi Literature
   17. Persian Literature
   18. Urdu Literature
   19. Influence/Contribution of foreign languages & Literature to India language

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Government Cultural Institutions in India
2. UNESCO’s List of Cultural Heritage in India
3. Protection and Promotion of Indian Culture and Heritage :Legal Provisions
4. Schemes and Awards
   1. Awards and Honours Associated with Culture
   2. International Yoga Day
   3. Indian Handicrafts
5. Personalities Related to Culture
6. Places of Cultural Interest
7. The Calendar & the Eras                       
8. Science and Technology in Ancient India

1. Recent developments
   1. Important Festivals
   2. Kheer Bhawani festival
   3. Mahapushkaram
   4. Bathu kamma
   5. Manipur Sangai Festival
   6. Losar festival
   7. Intangible Cultural Heritage under UNESCO has inscribed ´Kumbh Mela’
   8. Sankalp Parva-Sankalp se Siddhi’
   9. Paryatan Parv
   10. Bharat Parv
   11. Orange Festival Nagpur
   12. Protest against Sunburn fest                 
   13. 2017 Teesta Rangit Tourism Festival
   14. Ganga sagarmela
   15. Nabakalebar Rath Yatra
   16. Chapchar Kut Festival
   17. Hornbill Festival
   18. Wangala Festival
   19. Schemes for Cleanliness of Tourist Places
   20. Swachh Bharat Swachh Smarak
   21. ‘Swachh Bharat Swachh Paryatan’
   22. Incredible India 2.0 Campaign
   23. Schemes for Development of Cultural Heritage
   24. Sanskriti App
   25. Cultural Mapping of India
   26. Schemes for Monument Development
   27. HRIDAY
   28. SWADESH DARSHAN
   29. PRASAD SCHEME
   30. AdarshSmarak Yojana
   31. Cultural Scheme Monitoring System
   32. Schemes for promotion of Culture
   33. Schemes for Serious Literature and Litterateurs
   34. National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities
   35. National Mission on Manuscripts
   36. Gandhi Heritage Sites Mission
   37. Muziris Heritage Site
   38. International Initiatives for Cultural Development and Recognition
   39. Project Mausam
   40. International Buddhist Conclave
   41. World’s Heritage
   42. UNESCO inscribes Yoga in the representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
   43. UNESCO Creative Cities Network
   44. UNESCO Global Geopark
   45. National Virtual Library of India
   46. Jallikattu
   47. Kambala
   48. GI Tag
       1. Definition
       2. GI vs. Trademark
       3. Rights under GI
       4. Famous Goods
       5. Latest addition
   49. Rashtriya Ekta Diwas

Modern History

THE ADVENT OF EUROPEANS IN INDIA

1. The Portuguese in India
2. De Almeida
3. Albuquerque
4. Causes of failure of Portuguese empire in India
5. The Dutch in India
6. The Danes in India
7. The English
8. The French
9. Anglo-French Rivalry
10. First Carnatic War
11. Rise of the Hyderahad State
12. The Second Carnatic War
13. The Third Carnatic War
14. Causes of English Succes

DEVELOPMENT OF PRESS

1. Different Publications and Journals
2. Acts related to Press
   1. Vernacular Press Act, 1878
3. Struggle by Early Nationalists to
   Secure Press Freedom ,
4. During and After the First World War
5. During the Second World War
6. After Independence

INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT – III (1930-1947)

1. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1931)
2. First Round Table Conference, 1930
3. Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 1931
4. Karachi session of 1931
5. Second Round Table Conference, 1931
6. Civil Disobedience Movement (Second-Phase)
7. Third Round Table Conference (17 November 1932)
8. Communal Award
9. Poona Pact, 1932
10. Government of India Act, 1935
11. World War II and Indian Nationalism
12. Resignation of Congress Ministers (1939)
13. Poona Resolution and Conditional Support to Britain (1941)
14. August Offer of 1940
15. The Individual Civil Disobedience
16. Two-Nation Theory
17. Demand for Pakistan (1942)
18. Cripps Mission (1942)
19. Quit India Movement
20. Azad Hind Fauj
21. Indian National Army
22. N.A. Trials
23. I.N. Rebellion
24. Rajagopalachari Formula, 1945
25. Desai – Liaqat Pact
26. Cabinet Mission (1946)
27. Wavell Plan
28. Jinnah’s Direct Action Resolution
29. Mountbatten Plan of June 1947
30. Indian Independence Act 1947

BRITISH EXPANSION IN INDIA

1. Bengal
2. Anglo Maratha Wars
3. The Subsidiary Alliance System
4. Second Phase of British
   Expansion In India                                 
5. The Conquest of Sindh
6. Anglo-Sikh Wars
7. Doctrine of Lapse
8. Annexation of Oudh

SOCIO-RELIGIOUS REFORMS

• Factors causing Reforms
• Directions of refroms
• Hindu Reform Movements
• Reform Movements Among Muslims
• Sikh Reform Movement
• Parsi Reform Movement
  1. Parsi Religious Reform Association               
• Significance of Reform Movements
• Impact of Reform Movements

ADMINISTRATION BEFORE 1857

1. The Dual System
2. The Charter Acts
3. Judicial System
4. Impact of British Administration

PERSONALITIES

1. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
2. Swami Vivekananda
3. Swami DayanandaSaraswati
4. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
5. Keshab Chandra Sen
6. Sri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa
7. Mahadev Govind Ranade
8. Annie Besant–Theosophical Society  
9. Syed Ahmad Khan
10. Baba Dayal Das                                     
11. Pandita Ramabai Sarojini Naidu
12. Jyotiba Phule
13. Dr.Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar

ECONOMIC POLICIES OF THE BRITISH

1. Phase of Mercantilism (1757-1813)
2. Phase of Free Trade (1813-1858)
3. Phase of Finance Imperialism (1858 onwards)
4. Land Revenue Policy                             
   1. Ryotwari                                   
   2. Mahalwari
   3. Permanent Settlement
5. Impact of British Policy on Indian Economy
6. Drain of Wealth Theory

PEASANT, TRIBAL AND OTHER MOVEMENTS

1. Tribal Movements
   1. Bhil Uprising
   2. Kol Uprising
   3. Santhal Rebellion
   4. Jaintia and Garo Rebellion
   5. Rampa Rebellion
   6. Munda Rebellion
   7. Khonda Dora Uprisings
   8. Tana Bhagat Movement
2. Peasant Movements
   1. Champaran Satyagraha
   2. Kheda Peasant Struggle
   3. Bardoli Movement
   4. Moplah Rebellion
   5. Tebhaga Movement
   6. Telangana Movement

GOVERNOR GENERALS DURING BRITISH INDIA

1. Governor of Bengal (Before 1773)
2. Governor Generals of Bengal (1773-1833)
3. Governor Generals of India (1832-1858)
4. Viceroy and Governor Generals of India (1858-1947)

IMPACT OF BRITISH ADMINISTRATION

1. Industrialization—Ruin of Artisans and Handicrafts men
2. Impoverishment of Peasantry
3. Emergence of New Land Relations, Ruin of Old Zamindars
4. Stagnation and Deterioration of Agriculture
5. Commercialization of Indian Agriculture
6. Development of Modern Industry
7. Rise of Indian Bourgeoisie
8. Economic Drain
9. Famine and Poverty
10. Nationalist Critique of Colonial Economy
11. Abolition of the Dual System

REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM

• Early Phase Indian National Congress
• The Moderate Congress (1885-1905)
• Opinion Against Economic Exploitation Administrative Reforms Constitutional Reforms : Weaknesses & Evaluation
• The Extremist (1905-1920)
  • Terrorist Movements
  • The Revolutionary Movement
  • Reasons for Failure
  • Revolutionary Activities in Maharashtra
  • Revolutionary Activities in Bengal
  • Revival of Revolutionary Nationalism
  • Surya Sen
  • Revolutionary Activities Outside India
  • The Indian Independence Committee in Berlin
• Differences between the Moderates and the Extremists

LIST

1. Robert Clive (1754-1767)
2. Lord Warren Hastings (1773-1785)
3. Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793)
4. Sir John Shore (1793-1798)
5. Lord Arthur Wellesley (1798-1805)
6. Lord George Barlow (1805-1807)
7. Lord Minto-I (1807-1813)
8. Francis Rawdon Hastings (1813-1823): (Marques of Hastings)       
9. Lord Amherst (1823-28)
10. Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835)
11. Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835-1836)
12. Lord Auckland (1836-1842)
13. Lord Ellenborough (1842-1844)
14. Lord Hardinge-I (1844-1848)
15. Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856 great imperialist and colonist)
16. Lord Canning (1856-1857 and 1858-1862)
17. Lord Elgin-I (1862-1863)
18. Lord Lawrence (1864-1869)
19. Lord Mayo (1869-1872)
20. Lord Northbrook (1872-1876)
21. Lord Lytton (1876-1880)
22. Lord Rippon (1880-1884)
23. Lord Dufferin (1884-1888)
24. Lord Lansdowne (1888-1894)
25. Lord Elgin-II (1894-1999)
26. Lord Curzon (1899-1905)
27. Lord Minto-II (1905-1910)
28. Lord Hardinge-II (1910-1916)
29. Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)
30. Lord Reading (1921-1926)
31. Lord Irwin (1926-1931)
32. Lord Willingdon (1931-1936)
33. Lord Linlithgow (1936-1944)
34. Lord Wavell (1944-1947)
35. Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948)

THE REVOLT OF 1857

1. Causes of the Revolt
   1. Economic Causes
   2. Political Causes
   3. Administrative Causes
   4. Socio -Religious Causes
   5. Influence of Outside Events
   6. Discontent Among Sepoy’s
2. Centres and Spread of the Revolt
3. Leaders of the Revolt
4. Causes of Failure of the Revolt
5. Nature and Impact of the Revolt
6. Consequences

ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES AFTER 1857

1. Administration – Central, Provincial, Local
2. Changes in the Army
3. Public Services
4. Princely States
5. Foreign Policy

INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT – I (1905-1918)

1. Partition of Bengal (1905)
2. Swadeshi Movement
3. Muslim League, 1906
4. Surat Session of INC, 1907
5. Indian Council Act (Morley-Minto Act) 1909
6. Ghadar Party, 1913
7. Komagata Maru Incident 1914
8. The Lucknow Pact (1916)
9. Home Rule Movement (1915–1916)
10. August Declaration, 1917

CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

1. Regulating Act 1773
2. Pitts India Act of 1784
3. Charter Act of 1793
4. Charter Act of 1813
5. Charter Act of 1833
6. Charter Act of 1853
7. Government of India Act 1858
8. The Indian Councils Act 1861
9. Indian Councils Act 1892
10. Indian Councils Act 1909 or Morley – Minto Reforms Government of India Act 1919 or Montague – Chelmsford Reforms
11. Government of India Act 1935
12. Indian Independence Act, 1947

DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SERVICES

1. Indian Civili Services Act, 1861
2. Aitcision Comminittee on Public Services (1886)
3. Montford Reforms (1919)
4. Lee Commission (1924)
5. Government of India Act, 1935

INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT –II (1918-1929)

1. World War I-Reforms and Agitation
2. Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
3. Ahmadabad Mill Strike (1918)
4. Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
5. The Government of India Act, 1919
6. Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh
   Massacre (1919)
7. Khilafat Movement
8. The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)
9. Bardoli Resolution
10. Nagpur Session of Congress
11. Swaraj Party and its Evaluation
12. Muddiman Committee (1924)
13. Simon Commission (1927)
14. Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)
15. Nehru Report (1928)
16. Jinnah’s Fourteen Points
17. Lahore Session, 1929
18. Allahabad Address (1930)

DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION

1. Charter Act of 1813
2. Orientalist-Anglicism Controversy
3. Efforts of Thomson
4. Wood’s Dispatch (1854) Hunter Education Commission (1882-83)
5. Indian Universities Act, 1904
6. Government Resolution on Education Policy—1913
7. Saddler University Commission (1917-19)
8. Education Under Dyarchy
9. Hartog Committee (1929)
10. Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937)
11. Sergeant Plan of Education
12. Kothari Education Commission (1964-66)
13. Development of Vernacular Education
14. Development of Technical Education
15. Evaluation of British Policy on Education

Post Independence Consolidation (Mains)

CHALLENGES BEFORE INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE

1. Communal Riots and Regions most affected
2. Partition and then Independence: Punjab, Bengal and Assam, Sindh
3. Radcliff Commission and challenges before boundary commission
4. Radcliff Commission and its composition
5. Drawbacks of Commission
6. Division of sources
7. Finances
8. Defence personnel and equipment
9. Civil government
10. Assassination of Gandhi
11. Resettlement and Rehabilitation of Refugees
12. Shift to Constitutional Democracy

ECONOMIC CONSOLIDATION

1. Economic Development and Planning
2. Ideas of Development
3. Planning
4. Formation of Planning Commission
5. First five year plan
6. Second five year plan
7. Achievements of Plans from 1947 to 1965
8. Key controversies regarding 5 year plans
9. Green Revolution
10. Prevailing Conditions before the introduction of Green Revolution
11. Initiatives prior to Green Revolution to boost Agriculture
12. Government’s other positive initiative during Green Revolution Period
13. Positive and negative impact of Green Revolution
14. Operation Flood and Cooperatives
15. Formation of Amul
16. Starting and impact of Operation Flood
17. Limitations of Co-operativization
18. Development of land reforms in India between 1947 and early 1960’s
19. Abolition of intermediaries
20. Tenancy reforms
21. Ceiling on land holdings
22. Bhoodan Movement
23. Aims and advantages of Bhoodan movement

THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRATIC ORDER

1. The JP movement and Emergency 1975-77: Testing of Indian democracy tested
2. Background to emergency (Economic context, Gujarat and Bihar movements, Conflict with Judiciary)                                                   
3. Declaration of emergency (Crisis and Response)
4. Controversies regarding emergency
5. Lessons from emergency
6. Politics after Emergency (LS elections 1977 and Janata Party)
7. The Opposition: Initial years of BJP
8. The Naxalite Movement
9. Communalism
10. Secularism and democracy
11. Ayodhya dispute: Demolition and after
12. Communalism and use of state power
13. Revival and growth of communalism
14. Anti-muslim riots in Gujarat
15. The Punjab Crisis
16. Operation Blue Star
17. Demand of Khalistan
18. Basis of Regionalism: Politics in the states
19. Roots of tension
20. Challenges of Regionalism
21. Tamil Nadu (Dravidian Movement), Andhra Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal and J&K (external and internal disputes)                                                    
22. Secessionist movement in North-Eastern states
23. Accommodation and National Integration

THE INDIAN STATES

• Policy of Equal Federation (1935-1947)
• Plan of consolidation
• Integration of Princely States: Junagadh, Kashmir and Hyderabad
• Aftermath of Integration
• Goa and Pondicherry
• Tribal Integration
• Roots of India Tribal Policy
• Reasons for dismal performance of Tribal Policy
• Positive Development happened due to state’s Initiative since 1947
• Issue of language
• The Official Language
• Features of Official Language Act

INDIA’S EXTERNAL RELATIONS

• Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy
• Strategic Issues
• Features of Indian Foreign Policy
• Emergence of NAM and its Summits
• Organizational structure & membership
• India and its neighbours
• India and China
• India and Pakistan (Indo-Pak War, Kargil War, Shimla Agreement, Tashkent Declaration and Agra Summit)
• India and Bangladesh (Creation of Bangladesh)
• India and Sri Lanka
• India with Nepal and Bhutan
• India’s relations with USA and USSR during cold war
• Analysis of Nehruvian Foreign Policy

POPULAR MOVEMENTS

• Nature of Popular Movements
• Environment Movements
• Chipko Movement
• Narmada Bachao Andalon (Sardar Sarovar Project, Debates and struggles)
• Party based Movement and Non-party based movements
• Caste, Untouchability, Anti-caste politics and strategies      
• Issues of Dalit
• Dalit panthers: Origin and their activities
• Agrarian Struggles
• Bharatiya Kisan Union: Growth and its characteristics
• National Fish Worker’s Forum
• Anti-Arrack Movement: Origin and its linkage
• Indian Women since Independence
• Lesson from popular movements

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIAN POLITICS

• Context of the 1990s
• Era of Coalition
• Decline of Congress
• Alliance politics
• Political Rise of other Backward Classes
• Mandal Implemented: The Mandal Commission
• Political fallouts
• NEP-1991, LPG policy, Tax reforms, Privatisation, Globalisation and ICT
• Nuclear policy
• Emergence of new consensus
• LS Elections 2004
• Terrorist troubles and relations with Pakistan

FRAMING OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

• Evolution of the Constitution and main provisions
• Steps to the Constitution
• Constitutional Developments
• The Indian Constitution: Main Provisions
• The Constituent Assembly
• Formation of the Constituent Assembly
• Compulsions and Issues in front of Assembly

FROM COLONY TO DEMOCRACY

• Challenge of building democracy
• Challenges before ECI and conduction of first general election
• Starting of one party dominance
• Dominance of Congress System
• Nature of Congress Dominance
• 1967 elections
• Split in the Congress
• Emergence of Opposition Parties
• Role of opposition parties
• Various opposition parties

World History (Mains)

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• Decline of feudalism
• Beginning of Renaissance
• Pre-industrial Europe
• Factors that led to industrial revolution and its Impact

FRENCH REVOLUTION

• Causes of the revolution in France
• France under Napoleon
• Impact and Significance of revolution

NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

• Rise of the nation- state system
• Unification of Italy and Germany

COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM

• Colonialism and its Analysis
• The age of Imperialism (1870-1914)
• Imperialism in Asia

EMERGENCE OF USA

• Foundation of American Colonies
• The Independence of USA
• The American Revolutionary War and its impact
• Political Effects of the Revolution
• How did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution?

WORLD WAR-I

• Causes and Course of the war             
• Consequences of World War I
• Aftermath of World War I
• League of Nations

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

• Major events in pre-revolution Russia
• Causes and Course of revolution
• Consequences and Aftermath of the war
• Post-Lenin Russia

INTER-WAR YEARS (1919 TO 1939)

• The Great Depression- an economic perspective
• Rise of Fascism in Italy & Nazism in Germany
• Soviet Union (USSR)

WORLD WAR- II

• Causes &Course of the war
• Aftermath &Analysis of the war
• Decolonization Phase

DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE EAST

• Democratic reforms in Middle East
• Arab nationalism
• Israel and Palestine

COLD WAR ERA

• Impact in India
• Indian Policy

POST COLD-WAR WORLD

• Global issues since 1991
• Integration of Europe
• Rise of global Islamic terrorism
• Rise of China

COMMUNISM, SOCIALISM AND CAPITALISM

• Capitalism (concept, types and example)
• Communism (concept, types, example)
• Relevance of capitalism in present era