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::Polity & Governance::
Indian Polity And Governance (Prelims)
- The Company Rule (1773-1858)
- Regulating Act, 1773
- Amending Act, 1781
- Pitt’s India Act, 1784
- Amending Act of 1786
- Charter Act, 1793
- Charter Act, 1813
- Charter Act, 1833
- Charter Act, 1853
- The Crown Rule (1858-1947)
- Government of India Act, 1858
- Indian Councils Act, 1861
- Indian Councils Act, 1892
- Indian Councils Act, 1909
- Government of India Act, 1919
- Simon Commission
- Government of India Act, 1935
- Indian Independence Act, 1947
- Drafting and Sources of Indian Constitution)
- Seminal Sources
- External Sources
- Developmental Sources
- Constitutional Practices
- Important Committees of the Constituent Assembly and their Chairman
SALIENT FEATURES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION
- Constitution and Types
- What is a Constitution?
- Types of Constitution
- Functions of the Constitution
- Historical evolution of the Constitution
- Constituent Assembly
- Objectives of the Constitution
- Unitary features
- Federal features
- Types of Political System
- Types of Political System
- Types of Government
- Parliamentary form of government
- Features of the Presidential System
- Features of Semi-Presidential System
- Types of Majorities as per the Indian Constitution
- Absolute Majority
- Effective Majority
- Simple Majority
- Special Majority
- Preamble and Values in the Constitution
- The objectives laid down in the Preamble
- Whether the Preamble is a partof the Constitution or not?
- Whether Preamble can be amended or not?
- Ideals (mentioned in the Preamble)
- Democratic
- Sovereign
- Socialist
- Secular
- Republic
- Justice
- Equality
- Liberty
- Fraternity
- Integrity
- Amendment of the Constitution
- Procedure for amendment
- Types of Amendments
- Amendability of FR’s
- Ingredients of basic structure
- Doctrine and Terms
- Doctrine of severability
- Validity of Re-Constitutional Laws
- Doctrine of Eclipse
- Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
- Doctrine of Pith and Substance
- Doctrine of Colorable Legislation (Article 246)
- Doctrine of Territorial Nexus
- Doctrine of Laches
- Due Process of Law
- Procedure Established by Law
- Other Constitutional Dimensions
- Schedules and Subjects
- Official Languages
- ARTICLE 1-4
- Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union
- Committee/commission for StateRe-organisation
- The State Reorganization Commission(SRC) 1953
- Article 2: Admit or Establish new State
- Article 3: Formation of new States andalternation of areas, boundaries or names of existing States
- Article 4: Laws made under articles2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedule and Supplemental.
- Delimitation Commission
- Constitutional Provisions
- Constitutional provisions of citizenship
- Citizenship Act, 1955
- The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2016
- Methodology of getting citizenship
- Modes of Losing the Citizenship of India
- Concept of dual citizenship
- Special privileges enjoyed bycitizens in India
- Rights and Duties of Citizens
- Indian Diaspora
- Pravasi Bhartiya Divas
- Non-Resident Indians
- Evolution Objectives And Features
- Meaning
- Objectives
- Features
- Importance
- Restrictive limitations on fundamental rights
- Article 12 and Article 13
- Definition of state
- Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
- Right to Equality
- Article 14: Equality before the lawor the Equal protection of Law
- Article 15: Prohibition of Discriminationon the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
- Article 16: Equality of Opportunityin matters of Public Employment
- Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability
- Article 18: Abolition of Titles
- Right to Freedom
- Article 19
- Article 20: (Protection in respectof conviction for offenses)
- Article 21: Protection of life andpersonal liberty
- Article 22: Protection against arrestand detention
- Right against Exploitation
- Article 23: Prohibition of Trafficin human beings and forced labour
- Article 24: Prohibition of employmentof children in factories, etc
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation or religion
- Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs
- Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
- Article 28: Freedom from attendance religious instruction or worship in educational institutions
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Article 29: Protection of interest of Minorities
- Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
- Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies:
- Habeas Corpus
- Mandamus
- Certiorari
- Prohibition
- Quo Warranto
- Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies:
- FR’s other Dimensions
- Article 33
- Article 34
- Article 35
- Article 35AÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (DPSP)
- Evolution, objectives, and features
- Basic features
- Types
- Amendments
- Implementation
- Socialistic Principles
- Article: 38
- Article:39
- Article: 39A
- Article: 41
- Article: 42
- Article: 43
- Article: 43-A
- Article: 47
- Gandhian Principles
- Article: 40
- Article: 43
- Article: 46
- Article: 47
- Article: 48
- Liberal-Intellectual Principles
- Article: 44
- Article: 45
- Article: 48
- Article: 48A
- Article: 49
- Article: 50
- Article: 51
- Directive Principle Outside Part IV
- ARTICLE 335 IN PART XVI
- ARTICLE 350-A IN PART XVII
- Article 351 in Part XVII
- Article: 51A
- Features
- Relation between of Fundamental Rightsand Fundamental Duties
- List Of Fundamental Duties
- 86th Constitutional Amendment Act 2003 : RTE
- Recent Developments
- Fundamental Duties – Awareness Campaigns is the Duty of Centre
- National Anthem – Mandatoryin Cinema Halls – Article 51(a)
- Prevention of Insults toNational Honour Act, 1971
- Triple Talaq Issue
- Uniform Civil Code
- MGNREGA: Right to Work
- Making Aadhar mandatory
- Centre-State Relations
- Legislative relations (Articles) 245
- Related to Territorial Powers
- Related to Legislative Powers
- Related to Parliament’s Powersto make Laws in State
- Sarkaria Commission’s Opinionon Legislative Relations
- Administrative Relations
- Delegation of Union Functionsto the States
- Sarkaria Commission’s Opinionon Administrative Relations
- Financial relations
- National Integration Council
- Inter State Relation
- Inter state water dispute
- Inter state councils
- Inter state trade and commerce
- Zonal Councils
- Special Provisoions for some States
- Provisions for Maharastra and Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam and Manipur
- Provisions for Jammu and Kashmir (A370) (now abrogated)
- Types of Emergencies
- National Emergency
- Constitutional/State Emergency /President’s Rule
- Financial Emergency
- President
- Eligibility
- Conditions of Office
- Term of Office
- Election
- Manner of Election
- Impeachment of the President
- Impeachment of the President
- Vacancy in the Office of President
- Powers of the President
- Executive powers (Article 53)
- Legislative Powers
- Financial Powers
- Ordinance Issuing Power (Article 123)
- Judicial/Pardoning Power
- Military
- Diplomatic
- Emergency Powers
- Vice President
- Qualification
- Conditions of Office
- Term of Office
- Election
- Removal
- Vacancy
- Functions of the Vice-President
- The Prime Minister
- Appointment
- Eligibility
- Powers and Functions of Prime Minister
- Relationship between the President
and the Prime Minister - Deputy Prime Minister
- Prime Minister’s Office
- Union Council of Minister
- Article 74: Council of Ministers to aidand advice President
- Article 75: Other Provisions as to Ministers
- Article 77: Conduct of Businessof the Government of India
- Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister
- Nature of advice by Ministers
- Strength of the Council
- Appointment of a Non-legislator as a Minister
- Collective responsibility of the Ministers
- Individual Responsibility of Ministers
- Organisation of Parliament
- Organisation of Parliament
- Qualifications and Disqualifications forbeing a Member of Parliament (Article 84)
- Functions of the Parliament
- Functioning of the Parliament
- Sessions of Parliament
- Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings
- Parliamentary Privileges and Immunities
- Collective Privileges of the House
- Individual Privileges
- Houses of the Parliament
- Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
- Lok Sabha Composition
- Rajya Sabha Composition
- Presiding Officers of the Parliament
- Speaker
- Powers & Functions of the speaker
- Deputy Speaker
- Panel of Chairpersons of Lok Sabha
- Speaker Pro Tem
- Chairman of Rajya Sabha
- Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
- Panel of Vice-Chairpersons of Rajya Sabha
- Chairman and Deputy chairman of the Council of States
- Legislative Procedure and Committees of Parliament
- Legislative Procedure in Parliament
- Ordinary Bill
- Money Bill
- Financial Bill
- Constitution Amendment Bill
- Lapsing of Bills
- Annual Financial Statement: Budget (Article 112)
- Demand of Grants
- Appropriation Bill
- Cut motions
- Stages in Enactment of Budget
- Other Grants
- Related Information of Budget
- Parliamentary committees
- Governor
- Article 152: Definition
- Article 153: Governors of States
- Article 154: Executive power of State
- Powers of Governor
- Executive power
- Legislative power
- Financial Power
- Judicial Power
- Discretionary power
- Article 155: Appointment of Governor
- Article 156: Term of office of Governor
- Article 157: Qualifications for Appointment as Governor
- Article 158: Conditions of Governor’s office
- Article 159: Oath or affirmation by the Governor
- Article 160: Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
- Article 161
- Article 162: Extent of executive power of State
- Recommendations on the office of Governor
- ARC (Administrative Reforms Commission)
- Sarkaria Commission
- National Commission to Review the working of the Constitution
- The Chief Minister and the CoM
- Powers and Functions of Chief Minister
- In Relation to Council of Ministers
- In relation to the Governor
- In Relation to State Legislature
- Other Powers and Functions
- Composition of the Council of Ministers
- Responsibility of Ministers
- Advocate-General for the State
- Powers and Functions of Chief Minister
- Legislative Assembly
- Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)
- Powers and Functions
- Speaker & Deputy Speaker
- Parliament’s Control over State Legislature
- Legislative Council (Article 169)
- Qualifications
- Powers and Functions
- Panchayati Raj
- Evolution of the Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI)
- 73rd Amendment Act of 1992
- Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions
- Urban Local Government
- 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
- Types of Urban Governments In India
UNION TERRITORIES AND SPECIAL AREAS
- Union Territories
- Creation of Union Territories
- Administration of UT’s
- Special provisions for Delhi
- Special Category Status
- Schedule and Tribal Areas
- Administration of Schedule Areas
- Administration of Tribal areas
- The Supreme Court
- Chief Justice of India
- Acting Chief Justice of India
- Appointment of Supreme Court Judges
- Qualifications for Supreme Court Judges
- Removal of a Supreme Court Judges
- Process of Impeachment
- Ad hoc and Retired Judges
- Salaries and allowances of SupremeCourt Judges
- Chief Justices of India (Since 1951)
- Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
- Judicial Independence
- Judiciary Executive Relations
- The High Court Subordinate Courts & Lok Adalats
- The High Courts
- Jurisdiction of the High Courts
- Subordinate Courts
- Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
- Alternative dispute Resolution
- Lok Adalat
- All India Judicial Service
- E-governance in Judiciary
- Judicial Impact Assessment
- Judges Standards and AccountabilityBill, 2010
- National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)
CONSTITUTIONAL & NON CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES
- Constitutional Bodies
- Finance Commission
- Constitution
- Functions
- Comptrollerand Auditor General of India
- Comptroller and Auditor-General
- Attorney-General of India
- Appointment
- Functions and Responsibilities
- Other Constitutional Bodies
- All India Services
- Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
- State Public Service Commission (SPSC)
- Joint State public Service Commission (JSPSC)
- National Commission For SCs
- National Commission For STs
- Special Officer for Linguistic Minority
- The Advocate General (Article 165)
- Finance Commission
- Non Constitutional
- Special officer for linguistic Minorities
- Central Information Commission
- State Information Commission
- Lokpal and Lok Ayukta
- National Human Rights Commission
- State Human Right Commission
- CVC (Central Vigillance Commission)
- Political Parties and Election
- Electoral System in India
- Electoral Reforms Since 1988
- Salient features of the Representation of People Act, 1950
- Salient features of Representation of Peoples Act, 1951
- Elections in India
- Electoral reforms since 1988
- Criminalization of politics
- Negative or neutral voting
- State funding of Election
- Irregularities in polling
- Types of Political Parties
- Party System in India
- Political Parties in India
- Problems in the working of parties
- Casteism and Politic
- Strengthening of Anti-defection measures
- Pressure Groups
- Meaning and Techniques
- Pressure Groups in India
- Types of pressure groups
- Role of pressure groupin developing countries
- Functions of pressure groups in India
- Pressure groups methods
- Pressure groups and Democracy
- Criticism of pressure groups      Â
- Governing Institutions in India
- Structure of Ministries/departments
- Political head
- Secretariat organization secretary
- Functions of the secretariat
- Functions of attached and subordinate office
- Other organizations
- Public sector undertakings
- The Executive organization
- Advantages of the separation ofsecretariat and executive organization.
- Strengths and weaknesses of theexisting structure
- Recommendations for improvingthe Organizational structure
- Audit and other Transparency initiatives
- CVC
- CAG
- Lokpal
- Lok Ayukta
- Role of SHG, NGOs, Civil Society
- SHGs
- Characteristics
- Role of SHGs in development
- NGOs
- Functions
- Role of NGOs in development
- Micro Finance Institutions
- Salient features
- Role of MFIs in development
- SHGs
- Social Sector Bills
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- The Juvenile Justice (Care andProtection of Children) Act
- Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016
- Child Labour (Prohibitionand Amendment) Bill, 2016
- Maternity Benefit Bill, 2016
- Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act
- Mental Health Care Bill, 2013
- Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO)
- Anti Trafficking Bill with Stringent Penalty
- HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control)Bill- 2014 – Amendments
- Domestic Violence Act, 2005 – SC WidensAmbit
- Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesBill, 2014 with more Benefit
- Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights)Bill 2016
- The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Amendment Act
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- Welfare Schemes
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- Health                                                      Â
- National Health Mission
- National Ayush Mission
- Jan Aushadhi Scheme
- Mission Indradhanush
- NFHS-4 survey
- Education
- Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat
- Mid Day Meal Scheme
- GIAN (Global Initiative ofAcademic Networks)
- SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active –Learning for Young Aspiring Minds)
- Start-up and Skill Development
- Start Up India Scheme
- Stand up India Scheme
- National Student Start-up Policy
- National Skill Development Mission
- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
- Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana
- Skill Development Initiative Scheme
- Self-Employment & Talent Utilisation (SETU)
- Atal Innovation Mission
- Vulnerable Sector
- Social Security
- Atal Pension Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
- Nai Roshni Scheme
- USTAAD Scheme (Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development)
- Nai Manzil Scheme
- Women and Child Development
- Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
- Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
- Digital Gudda Guddi Board
- Ujjawala Scheme
- Janani Suraksha Yojana
- Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
- SC/ST
- Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana
- Disability
- Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)
- Rural and Urban Development
- Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
- Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan
- Shyama Prasad Mukharjee Rurban Mission
- Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
- Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
- Swachch Bharat Abhiyan
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Gramin
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban
- Housing for all by 2022
- Smart Cities Mission
- Hriday – National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana
- Amrut (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation)
- Inclusive growth
- Measurement criteria
- Government initiatives for inclusive growth
- Basic Amenities: Housing/Drinking Waters/Sanitations
- Sustainable Development
- Rural Development
- Rural development and poverty alleviation
- Review of the existing Programmes
- Development Administration
- Panchayati Raj
- Agriculture and Rural Development
- Miscellaneous schemes
- Digilocker
- Bharatnet Project (National Optical Fibre Network)
- INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research)
- SAKAAR
- Digital India
- Namami Gange Project (Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission Project)
- Ganga Gram Yojana
- Khelo India
- PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation)
- Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
- Health                                                      Â
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- India’s Foreign Policy
- Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy
- Post 1990 Scenario
- Global Issues
- South Asia
- India – Nepal Relations
- India and Bhutan
- India-Afghanislam Relations
- India-Bangladesh Relations
- India-Maldives Relations
- India-Sri Lanka Relations
- India-Myanmar Relations
- India-Pakistan Relations
- SAARC
- NAM (Non-Alignment Movement): Relevance
- Central Asia
- Mongolia
- Kazakhastan
- Tukmenistan
- Uzbekistan
- West Asia
- India – UAE Relations     Â
- India IRAN Relations
- Israel and Palestine Relations
- India – Israel Relations
- India – Saudi Arabia
- Asia – Pacific
- Asia-Pacific Region
- India-South East Asia Relations
- India-Asean Cooperation
- Indo-Japan Relations
- Indo-Australia Relations
- India – South Korea Relations
- India-Vietnam
- Africa
- India-South Africa Relations
- India-Nigeria Relations
- India-Kenya Relations
- India-Sudan Relations
- Europe
- India-Russia Relations
- India-France Relations
- India-Germany Relations
- India-United Kingdom Relations
- India-EU Kingdom Relations
- US-China
- India-USA Relations
- India-China Relations
- Indian Ocean Region
- Seychelles
- Mauritius
- Maldives
- Indian Diaspora
- Indian Diaspora in West
- Indian Diaspora in Gulf
- Indian Diaspora in Eastand Middle East
Constitutional/Non-Constitutional Bodies
- Election Commission
- Union Public Service Commission
- State Public Service Commission
- Finance Commission
- 14th Finance Commission and Local Governments
- 15th Finance commission: Issues with Term and References
- State Finance Commission
- Law Commission
- 268th Report of Law Commission on Bail Reforms
- Law Commission report on Hate Speech
- Pay Commission
- 7th Pay Commission
- National Commission for SCs
- National Commission for STs
- Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities
- Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) , Functioning and Autonomy of CAG
- National Commission for Backward Classes
- Attorney General of India
- Advocate General of the State
- Co-operative Societies
- Tribunals
- Problems with Tribunals, Problems arising out of sidestepping the HC
STATUTORY, REGULATORY AND VARIOUS QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES
- Rationalization Of Autonomous Bodies
- National Human Rights Commission
- National Commission for Women
- State Human Rights Commission
- Central Information Commission
- State Information Commission
- Central Vigilance Commission
- Preventive Vigilance
- Central Bureau of Investigation
- Autonomy of CBI
- Lokpal and Lokayuktas
- Issues related to the appointment of Lokpal
- Ammendment to Lokpal Act
- Quasi judicial bodies
- NITI Aayog
- NITI Aayog’s Report on Rationalization of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)
- Model Land leasing Law prepared by NITI Aayog
Contemporary Issues: Governance (Mains)
- Functions of Government                 Â
- Issues in Organizational Structure of GOI
- Good Governance and Citizen Centric Administration
- e-Governance   Â
- Ethics in Governance
INITIATIVES FOR TRANSPARENCY & ACCOUNTABILITY
- Public Accountability Concept                       Â
- Virtual ID for AADHAR
- Social Media & Accountability
- Accountability & Transparency in NGOs
- Autonomy of CBI
- Analysis of Functioning Of CAG
- People Centric Governance
- Pro-Active Governance & Timely Implementation (PRAGATI)
- Right Based Approach in Policy Making
- Direct Benefi t Transfer              Â
- Issues Related to Making Aadhaar Mandatory
- Reforms Needed In Indian Bureaucracy
- Performance Appraisal System In Bureaucracy   Â
- Curb on VIP Culture
- Social Audit Law
- 14th Finance Commission Analysis
- 7th Pay Commission Report &Repercussions                                                  Â
- AFSPA & Second ARC Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
- Role of NITI Aayog
- Significance of Public Accounts Committee     Â
- Right to Information
- Accountability & Transparency in NGOs
- PradhanMantri Jan-DhanYojana (PMJDY) Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
- Swachh Bharat Mission
- National Skill Development Mission                                                                          Â
- National Food Security Act, 2013
- SansadAdarsh Gram Yojana
- Smart City Mission
- Saubhagya Plan
- NAMAMI GANGE Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
- Critical Analysis of Stand up India scheme
- MGNREGA
- NITI Aayog’s Report on Rationalization of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS)         Â
- Law Commission’s 268th Report on Bail Reforms
- Model Land Leasing Law Prepared by NITI Aayog                                                    Â
- T K Visanathan Committee on Hate Speech  Â
- Law Commission Report on Tribunals in India                                                  Â
- Law Commission Report on United Nations Convention against Torture
- National Education Policy
- Inter-State Water Dispute
- Debate on Directly Elected Mayor
- Debate on the Issue of Lobbying in India
- Media Role & Censorship Issue
- The Role of States in India’s Foreign Policy
Features Of Indian Polity & Constitution (Mains)
- Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure
- Separation of powers Fundamental Rights, Preamble, DPSP, Fundamental Duties, etc.
- Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries
- Salient features of RP Act.
- Constitution: Why and How?
- Historical Background
- Constituent Assembly and its vision of future
- Making of the Constitution
- Constitution as a living document
- Democracy and diversity
- Outcomes of democracy
- Crisis of Democratic order
- National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution
- Comparison of the Indian Constitutional scheme with that of other countries
- Sources of the Constitution
- Salient features of the Constitution
- The Philosophy of the Constitution
- System of Government: Parliamentary & Presidential System
- Role of Convention under the Constitution
- Comparison between Judicial Review and Parliamentary Supremacy
- The Constitution Amendment of the Constitution
- Keshvananda and Bharti Case Judgement
- 42nd and 44th Amendment to the Constitution
- The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019 (124th Constitution Amendment Bill) to provide 10% reservation in government jobs and educational institutions to the economically weaker sections (EWS)
- (125th Amendment) Bill, 2019
- Preamble of the Constitution
- Debate : Is Preamble part of the Constitution and its amendment
- Citizenship
- National Register of Citizens
- Fundamental Rights
- Rule of Law
- Procedure Established by Law vs Due Process of Law
- Exceptions to Fundamental Rights
- Amenability of Fundamental Rights
- Rights following from other provision  of the Constitution
- Major Debates/ Issues around Fundamental Rights:
- Limitations upon the Freedom
- Freedom of Press and Censorship
- Free Speech: Rights & Limits and Hate speech
- Data protection: Privacy Vs. Innovation
- RTI amendments
- Sedition-Law- Comprehensive public discussion regarding Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code 1860
- Right To Information Act 2005.
- Defamation-Should it be decriminialised
- ‘Living wills’/ Euthanasia
- Restriction on the entry of women in places of worship
- Reservation in India – Explained in Layman’s Terms
- Reservation in promotion
- Aadhaar and Privacy issues
- Constitutionality of article 35A
- Directive Principles of the State Policy
- Scope of DPSP: Economic and Social Democracy
- Implementation of Directives
- Conflict between Fundamental Rights and role of judiciary in harmonizing them
- Challenge of implementing Uniform civil code
- Fundamental Duties
- Union Territories
- Chief Minister Vs Lieutenant Governor: Rules, Rights and Responsibilities
- Special Status of Jammu and Kashmir
- Kashmir Unrest
- Special Provisions for some States
- Scheduled and Tribal areas
- Official Language
- Reasons for the 58th Amendment
- Doctrine of Basic Structure of the Constitution
- Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
- Doctrine of Eclipse
- Doctrine of Pith and Substance
- Doctrine of Incidental or Ancillary Powers
- Doctrine of Colourable Legislation
- Doctrine of Severability
- Doctrine of Territorial Nexus
- Doctrine of Laches
PRESSURE GROUPS AND FORMAL/INFORMAL ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE POLITY
- Pressure Groups
- Popular Struggles and Movements
- Rise of Popular movements
ELECTION & THE REPRESENTATIVES OF PEOPLE’S ACT
- Political Parties
- Criminalisation of politics
- Freebies Politics in India
- Issues Related to the Working of Political Parties
- Inner Party Democracy
- Significance of Strong Opposition in Democracy
- Elections
- Role of Civil Society in Free and Fair Election
- What is Tactical Voting and Proportional Representation?
- What is Absentee Ballot?
- Voting Behaviour
- Election Laws
- Representation of People (Amendment) Bill 2010- Voting rights to NRI
- Introduction of NOTA
- Bill on Right to Recall Legislators
- Electoral reforms
- Demand For A Hybrid Electoral System
- Simultaneous Elections
- About Paper Trail units
- Election Funding (Electoral bonds) Corporate funding laws
- State Funding in elections
- Women voices in elections
- Law Commission Report on Electoral Reforms
- Anti-Defection Law
- Anti-Defection Law: Is it time for reconsideration?
DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES AND THE DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY
- The role of NGOs
- NGOs and Development/ Crackdown on NGOs
- Accountability and transparency in NGOs
- SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders
- Dalit assertion and Politics of reservation
- Should India spend more on science or Social welfare?
- Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005
- Agrarian crisis: Issues in farmer economy
- Issues related to Social Media
- Media freedom and Responsible reporting
- Marital rape
- Section 377: Constitutionality Vs Morality
- Legalising Sports Betting In India
- Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes
- Muslim Personal law: Polygamy/ Triple talaq
- Scheduled and Tribal Areas
- SC/ST Act judgment: Protecting the innocent or diluting the Protection?
Contemporary Issues: Features of Indian Polity & Constitution (Mains)
- 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act
- Fugitive Economic Offenders Bill, 2018
- Triple Talaq Ordinance                                                                                                Â
- Citizenship (Amendment) Bill
- Draft Emigration Bill, 2019 Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
- Consumer Protection Bill, 2018
- Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Act, 2018 Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
- Lokpal & Lokayukta Amendment Act, 2016
- The Right of Children to Free & Compulsory Education (Amendment) Act, 2019 Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
- Data (Privacy & Protection) Bill, 2017
- The Transgender Persons (Protection of  Rights) Bill, 2016   Â
- The Indian Institute of Information Technology (Amendment) Bill , 2017 (autonomy of institutes)
- Criminalization of Politics
- Issues Related to the Working of Political Parties
- Enact Strong Laws to Cleanse Politics, says Supreme Court
- How effective is Election Commission in Ensuring Fair Elections                       Â
- Freebies Politics in India
- Election Commission Proposal for Countering Bribe-for-Votes
- Law Commission Report on Electoral Reforms                                                 Â
- State Funding in Elections
- Role of Civil Society in Free and Fair Election
- Women Voices in Elections
- Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) Issue                                            Â
- About Paper Trail Units
- Anti-Defection Law                                   Â
- Office of Profit & RPA
- Constituent Assembly and its vision of future
- Making of the Constitution
- Constitution as a living document
- Democracy and diversity
- Outcomes of democracy
- Crisis of Democratic order
- National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution
- Comparison of the Indian Constitutional scheme with that of other countries
Contemporary Issues: (Executive, Judiciary, Legislature) (Mains)
- Imposition of President Rule: An Analysis
- Is President a mere Rubber Stamp?
- Politicization of the Post of Governor
- Lacunas in Parliamentary Functioning in India                                                                  Â
- Significance of Strong Opposition in Democracy
- Ordinance Making Power in India
- Balance between Fundamental Rights & Parliamentary Privileges                                     Â
- Special Provisions for other States
- Special Category Status to States                                  Â
- National Register of Citizens in Assam
- Gorkhaland Crisis                      Â
- Issue Related to Office of Profit                                                                                        Â
- Women Reservation in Parliament       Â
- Centre vs State: Case of AAP vs LG
- Shortage of Judges in Indian Courts
- Issue Related to Appointment of Judges
- Procedure for Removal of Judges: Critical Analysis
- Should Judiciary be under RTI
- Judicial Accountability
- Post Retirement Appointment of Judges
- Issue of Judicial Overreach                                              Â
- Judicial Reform: How to Reduce Pendency of Cases?
- Future Challenges of the Indian Judiciary
- All-India Judicial Service
- Draft witness protection scheme
- Contempt of Court
- Government as the Biggest Litigant in India                        Â
- Public Interest Litigation                                                   Â
- National Litigation Policy
- Administrative Tribunals
- Sabrimala Temple Verdict
- Right to Convert
- Alternate Dispute Redressal Mechanism
- Should India abolish Death Penalty?
- Education Qualification Made Mandatory for Contesting Local Government Elections
- Reforms needed in Municipalities in Sync with Urban Development Missions                   Â
- Municipal reforms for sustainable development of Cities
- 14th Finance Commission & Local Governments
- Telangana: Tribal Hamlets to Village Panchayat Status                          Â
- Maharashtra Government Recently Launched a new Initiative to
- Dharavi- one of the Largest Slums in the World
- Panchayat Raj                                                   Â
- Strengthening Participation of Women in Panchayat                                                      Â
- PESA in Tribal Areas                       Â
- Deepening Grass Root Democracy in Sixth Schedule Areas
- 2nd ARC Recommendations
- Criminalization of Politics
- Issues Related to the Working of Political Parties                                                          Â
- Enact Strong Laws to Cleanse Politics, says Supreme Court                                           Â
- How effective is Election Commission in Ensuring Fair Elections                                    Â
- Freebies Politics in India
- Election Commission Proposal for Countering Bribe-for-Votes                                         Â
- Law Commission Report on Electoral Reforms
- State Funding in Elections
- Role of Civil Society in Free and Fair Election                                                     Â
- Women Voices in Elections
- Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) Issue
- About Paper Trail Units
- Anti-Defection Law          Â
- Office of Profit & RPA
- Revisiting Section 124-A of IPC
Executive, Judiciary, Legislature (Mains)
- Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States
- Issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure
- Devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
- Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
- Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive
- Ministries and Departments of the Government
- Structure, organization and functioning of the Judiciary
- Dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES PERTAINING TO THE FEDERAL STRUCTURE
- Union and its territory
- Formation of state and Altercation of boundaries
- Nature of Federal System
- Peculiar features of Indian federalism
- A Critique of the Federal System
- Challenges of Nation building
- Challenges Of Special Status State And Problems
- Demand for New states: Gorkhaland, Nagalim, Vidharbha, Purvanchal etc.
- Era of One-Party dominance
- Regional aspirations
- Emergency Provisions
- Imposition of President Rule
- Fundamental Rights during Emergency
- Conversion of state to UT unilateraly by centre-A constitutional question
STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE EXECUTIVE
- Governor
- Provisions related to removal of Governor (Article 156)
- Discretionary Powers
- Politicization of the Post of Governor
- Chief Minister
- State Council of Ministers
STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE UNION EXECUTIVE
- President
- President of India – Discretionary Powers- Imposition of President’s rule
- Is President a mere Rubber Stamp
- Vice President
- Prime Minister
- Central Council of Ministers
- Cabinet Committees
- Parliament
- Sessions of Parliament: Adjournment, Prorogation, Dissolution etc.
- Lacunas in Parliamentary Functioning in India
- When Does a Bill Lapse in Indian Parliament?
- Types of Majorities Used in the Indian
- Election to Rajya Sabha: The Procedure.
- Relevance of Rajya Sabha
- Government Budgeting: Indian Budget for
- Budget Documents Made Simple: Key to Budget Documents.
- Cut Motions: Policy Cut, Economy Cut, and Token Cut.
- Misuse of Ordinance promulgation power
- Office of the Speaker: Powers and Issues
- Issue related to office of profit
- Breach Of Privilege: Special privileges  to MP’s and its implications
- Parliamentary Committees
- Parliamentary Committees in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
- Diminishing importance of parliamentary committees
- State Legislature
- Full statehood to Delhi: Should it be granted or not?
- Relevance of Council of State   Â
FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE UNION AND STATES
7th Schedule
- Power Sharing
- Centre-State Relations
- Inter-State Council vs National Development Council.
- Separate State Flag in Karnataka
- NITI Aayog: The new ‘think-tank’ to replace Planning Commission.
- Foreign Policy
- States demand a say in Foreign Policy?
DISPUTE REDRESSAL MECHANISMS AND INSTITUTIONS
- Inter-State Relations
- Inter-state River Water Dispute
- Inter-state Councils
- Parliamentary Forums
- Parliamentary Groups
- Administrative Tribunals
- National Integration
DEVOLUTION OF POWERS AND FINANCES UP TO LOCAL LEVELS AND CHALLENGES THEREIN
- Local Governments
- Nagaland Reservation in Urban Bodies
- Education Qualification made mandatory for contesting Local Government Elections
- Panchayati Raj and PESA 1996
- Municipalities
- in Municipalities in Sync with Urban Development Missions
STRUCTURE, ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE JUDICIARY
- Higher Judiciary Appointments
- Collegium system and issues.
- Collegium Vs. NJAC
- CJI removal
- Judicial Review
- Judicial Activism
- Judicial activism and judicial Overreach
- Judicial Accountability & RTI Act
- Public Interest Litigation
- Advocates (Amendment) Bill, 2017 Controversy
- National Litigation Policy
- Other Judicial Issues
- All India Judicial Services
- Proposal for National Court of Appeal
- Judicial Pendency
- Judicial Reforms
- Problems with Tribunals, Problems arising out of sidestepping the HC
- Alternate Dispute Redressal (ADR)
- Major Judgements of Supreme Court
- RIGHT TO CONVERT-the Supreme Court’s judgement regarding a person’s right to choose a religion, Issue of Religious Conversion in India,
- Reservation in promotion, Argument in favour of reservation in promotion, Argument against the reservation in promotions
- Supreme Court judgement on Caste, Religion in Polls
- Validity of Aadhaar but with certain caveats
- Cauvery River Verdict
- Concept of Defamation in India
- Should the SC proceedings be live streamed?
Executive, Judiciary, Legislature (Mains)
- Pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity
- Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation
- Development processes and the development industry the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders
- Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability
- E-governance-applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential
- Citizens Charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures
- Role of civil services in a democracy
- Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies
- Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies
- Concept of Good Governance
- Issues Concerning Governance
- Right Based Approach in Policy Making
- Public Policy Making and Policy Implementation
- How to Establish Good Governance
- Right to Information
- Information sharing and transparency in government
- RTI and Official Secret Act: Who’s winning and why Judiciary wants to remain isolated
- Citizen’s Charters
- Benefits of Citizen Charter
- Citizen Charter in India: An Evaluation
- Problems Faced in Implementing the Charters
- Steps to improve Citizen Charters
- Indian Approach to Citizen Charter: Sevottam Model
- Administrative Reforms Commission’s Seven Step Model for Citizen Centricity
- Right to Service
- Extent of regulations and openness of media and social networking sites
- K. Visanathan Committee On Hate Speech
- Role of MEDIA in bringing Transparency and Accountability
- Social Media and Accountability
- E-Governance
- Role of E-Governance in bringing Transparency and Accountability
- Major E-Governance Projects and challenges in their implementation
- Role of civil services in a democracy
- Linkage of Civil Services and Democracy
- Debate on Lateral Entry in Civil Services
- Relation between Civil Servants and Political Executives
- Performance Appraisal System in Bureaucracy
- Reforms Needed In Indian Bureaucracy
- Codes of Ethics and Code of Conduct
- Paid news abuse by social media a poll menace
- Model code of conduct
- Utilization of Public funds
- Significance of Public Accounts Committee
- Challenges of corruption and incompetence
REGULATORY STRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE REFORMS
- Functions and responsibilities of various Bodies
- Analysis of Autonomy and functioning of CAG, CBI, CVC and NHRC
- Lokpal and rise of Ombudsman era: a critical evaluation of journey traveled so far
- State and operational effectiveness of Local governments in India
- Corporate Governance in India – Why is it so critical
- Police Reforms in India
- Curb On VIP Culture
- Prison Reforms in India
- Improving Governance In Public Systems
DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES AND THE DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY
- Role of Self Help Group in Development
- Shortcomings and Recommendations to  Improve Self Help Group
- Role and functions of NGOs in the Development
- Challenges Faced by NGOs in India
- Issue of Fund Mismanagement
- Role of Microfinance Institutions in Development Process
- Issues Related to Microfinance Institutions and Recommendations
- Role of Foreign aid in Development
- The role and function of pressure groups in India
- Changing Pattern of Pressure Group Politics in India
- Concept of Human Development
- Economic Growth and Human Development: Two-Way Link
- Measurement of Human Development
- Understanding Poverty
- Dimensions of Poverty
- Linkage between Poverty and Development
- Recommendations of Rangarajan Committee Report
- Poverty Alleviation Strategy Since Independence
- Programmes for Poverty Alleviation
- Concept of Inequality
- World Inequality Report 2018: Findings of the Report
- Income Inequality in India
- Recommendations to Reduce Inequality
- HUNGER
- Manifestations of Hunger and its causes
- Challenges to Food Security
- Global Hunger Index Report, 2018
- Recommendations
- Institutional Measures for Welfare of Vulnerable Sections
- Issues Related to the Weaker Sections & Vulnerable groups in India
- Constitutional Provisions for the  Welfare of Society
- Institutional Measures for the Welfare of the Society
- Issues with the Institutional Mechanisms
- HEALTH
- Public Health System of India
- Shortcomings of the Healthcare Sector
- Urgency of achieving Universal Health  Coverage
- Evaluation of SWACHH BHARAT MISSION
- Global Nutrition Report 2018
- Initiatives Taken In Health Sector : Ayushman Bharat
- National Health Policy
- EDUCATION
- Challenges of Education sector in India
- Right to Education and Challenges to EWS Children
- Initiatives by Government
ROLE OF CIVIL SERVICES IN A DEMOCRACY
- Concept of civil services
- Need for civil services
- Different role of civil services
- Law making
- Policy formulation
- Policy implementation
- Policy evaluation
- Civil services as protector of democracy
- To protect minorities (religious and linguistic)
- To promote Inclusive and sustainable
growth - Various Reforms in Civil Services
PRESSURE GROUPS AND FORMAL/INFORMAL ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE POLITY
- What are pressure groups?
- Types of pressure groups
- Significance of pressure groups in India
- Differentiate between a pressure group and a political party
- Evaluation of pressure groups role
- Appointment of CAG (procedure of appointment)- composition of CAG
- Functions and responsibilities of CAG
- Powers and privileges of CAG (provided by constitution and different Acts of Parliament.)
- Appointment of ECI (procedure of appointment)- composition of ECI
- Functions and responsibilities of ECI
- Powers and privileges of ECI (provided by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament)
- Appointment to UPSC (procedure of appointment)- composition of UPSC
- Functions and responsibilities of UPSC
- Powers and privileges of UPSC (provided by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament.)
- Appointment to Finance commission (procedure of appointment)- composition of Finance commission
- Functions and responsibilities of Finance commission
- Powers and privileges of Finance commission (provided by constitution and different ACTs of Parliament.)
- National commission for SCs and STs.
STATUTORY, REGULATORY AND VARIOUS QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES
- SEBI, CVC, CBI, Planning Commission NDC, PMO
- TRAI, IRDA
- National Human Rights Commission
- State Human Rights Commission
- Central Information Commission
- State Information Commission
- National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
- Medical Council of India
- Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority
- Biodiversity Authority of India
- Press Council of India
- Forward Markets Commission
- Inland Waterways Authority of India
- Role of CAG
- 14th Finance Commission: Analysis
- 7th Pay Commission Report and Repercussions
- AFSPA and Second ARC
- Inter-State River Water Dispute: Cauvery dispute
- Role of Niti Aayog
